1.7Telecommunication Network Fig: 1.1 Telecommunication Network External nodes are users and sometimes access points to other networks. Telecommunication is communication at a distance using electrical signals or electromagnetic waves. Disclaimer : The study tools and academic assistance/guidance through online tutoring sessions provided by AssignmentHelp.Net is to help and enable students to compete academically. And if we look at history we will see the magnificent step from primitive means such as smoke and fire signals, to postal mail, to evolve to the telegraph, telephone, radio, television and internet. Telecommunication - the transmission of signals over a distance for the purpose of communication. Radio telecommunication systems have been implemented on both a professional and consumer-grade level, which further expands the reach of this highly versatile technology. I{}`_qO 8+88/wS,L>(E O 8+[@|MvhE]+XDKAQP2}Y+IhXit6W$r U.5I$D}4NJiH@NTIAR\jS !$DO i$F>I}L&I(T2SMkR*J$w nM_j&M&$H)`! Including all types of cable (Note by the Chairman, footnote) 1 "[I]nvolves the ability of service suppliers to sell or lease any type of network capacity for the supply of services listed in any other basic telecom service subsector unless otherwise noted in the sector column", Note by the Chairman, S/GBT/W/2/Rev.1, para 2. it possesses a vocabulary of varying size and varying precision, ie. Some information is unwanted and must be discarded and hence . The degree of inaccuracy depends on the number of output levels used by the quantizer. In case any user is found misusing our services, the user's account will be immediately terminated. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Easy to exchange ideas and knowledge via phone and/or fax. Good-News-Bad-News.pdf . Adobe d "")""""""),))))),222222;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; %%2%##%2;2.,,.2;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; :" ? 3.7 Networking and Telecommunications 3.7.1 Networks 3.7.2 Types of Networking 3.7.3 Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) 3.8 Telecommunications Standards and Protocols 3.8.1 Standards 3.8.2 Protocols 3.9 Summary 3.10 Answers to Self Check Exercises 3.11 Key Words 3.12 References and Further Reading 3.0 OBJECTIVES The service is supported by an industry that depends on a large body of increasingly specialized scientists, engineers, and craftspeople. Twisted-Pair Copper Cable 12. 0000002720 00000 n The basic components of a modern digital telecommunications system must be capable of transmitting voice, data, radio, and television signals. %PDF-1.3 % Integral Choice is a Telecommunication and Cloud Agency with the strategic areas of focus being on Customer Migration to hosted and contact center IP services, 2022 Integral Choice - All rights Reserved. 0000003015 00000 n Learn about the most relevant principles and concepts with our more than 10 telecommunications books in PDF format. Setting up a WAN is not a simple task. The Electronic Switching systems are operated with the help of a processor or a computer which control the switching timings. The receiver also with the help of an antenna receives the signal. Telecommunication is a vast range of information-transmitting technology such as mobile phones, land lines telephone, Get help in Telecommunication Assignment Help and know more about telecommunication systems in detail. Lathi Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic processes by Peebles Fundamentals of Digital Communication by Proakis Communication Engineering Curriculum Hb```f``c`e`` @16&{ At the receiving end, the reconstituted signal is expanded to its original range of amplitudes. Communication channels that link the terminals by the various ways of cables and wireless radio frequencies to transmit and receive data. Lack of time period. 7. Although half-duplex systems may initially seem somewhat antiquated, keep in mind that even some modern internet systems rely upon this technology for their operation. Then input or output devices to send and receive data which are also referred as terminals. While LAN is restricted to a private campus or building, MAN is designed to cover an entire city. In digital transmission of voice, 256 levels are commonly used because tests have shown that this provides adequate fidelity for the average telephone listener. Generally, an optimal quantizer places more levels in amplitude ranges where the signal is more likely to occur and fewer levels where the signal is less likely. 0000069263 00000 n The forms of telecommunication can be through audio, video or text, or a mixture of all three. The fact that samples of a continually varying wave may be used to represent that wave relies on the assumption that the wave is constrained in its rate of variation. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. This book presents the principles of . trailer << /Size 109 /Info 72 0 R /Encrypt 78 0 R /Root 77 0 R /Prev 159775 /ID[<163a7fc9846ac090da92442aea87f1d7><163a7fc9846ac090da92442aea87f1d7>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 77 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 74 0 R /Outlines 80 0 R /OpenAction [ 79 0 R /XYZ null null null ] /PageMode /UseOutlines /PageLabels << /Nums [ -2 << /St -1 /S /D >> ] >> >> endobj 78 0 obj << /Filter /Standard /V 1 /R 2 /O (~1qfnQ\\^e8i={L;@) /U (*_/$PQ?.d;,>h d-) /P -60 >> endobj 107 0 obj << /S 411 /O 494 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 108 0 R >> stream This article describes the components of a digital telecommunications system as outlined above. Remember that Sharing is Caring. Radiocommunications: transmitted by AM and FM radio waves, received by radio in homes and also short radio waves such as those received by navigation devices. 0 The data of all users is saved on the hard disk of the server computer. 76 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 79 /H [ 1357 518 ] /L 161423 /E 10095 /N 19 /T 159785 >> endobj xref 76 33 0000000016 00000 n I{}`_qK_qAI/v/\}#+ )}#+ ()%=od/d$pGM 8 8? gU7??^ z_j#&vGW RvGW PRKKW{n J _n J Electromagnetic Spectrum 8. 0000020549 00000 n Links provide interconnections between nodes. Techwalla may earn compensation through affiliate links in this story. Telecommunication systems is a specialized system for communicating at a distance. trailer << /Size 529 /Info 503 0 R /Root 506 0 R /Prev 510331 /ID[<9b82d328e65e6c80d742b376852c2bd2><7a0aa2ab3129eb8bf6799b8bb56da1bc>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 506 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 500 0 R /Metadata 504 0 R /Outlines 114 0 R /OpenAction [ 508 0 R /Fit ] /PageMode /UseNone /PageLayout /SinglePage /PageLabels 498 0 R /StructTreeRoot 507 0 R /PieceInfo << /MarkedPDF << /LastModified (D:20040114144640)>> >> /LastModified (D:20040114144640) /MarkInfo << /Marked true /LetterspaceFlags 0 >> >> endobj 507 0 obj << /Type /StructTreeRoot /ParentTree 146 0 R /ParentTreeNextKey 30 /K [ 153 0 R 168 0 R 175 0 R 184 0 R 194 0 R 205 0 R 213 0 R 221 0 R 236 0 R 250 0 R 266 0 R 282 0 R 290 0 R 299 0 R 307 0 R 316 0 R 330 0 R 347 0 R 353 0 R 363 0 R 373 0 R 384 0 R 396 0 R 414 0 R 426 0 R 436 0 R 451 0 R 463 0 R 476 0 R 493 0 R ] /RoleMap 496 0 R >> endobj 527 0 obj << /S 852 /O 959 /L 975 /C 991 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 528 0 R >> stream In this sense, it is relevant that we make a selection of telecommunications books in PDF format, to know them better. The encoded signal is made suitable for transmission by modulation onto a carrier wave and may be made part of a larger signal in a process known as multiplexing. College & Research Libraries News (C&RL News) is the official newsmagazine and publication of record of the Association of College & Research Libraries, providing articles on the latest trends and practices affecting academic and research libraries.. C&RL News became an online-only publication beginning with the January 2022 issue. Maintaining a WAN requires constant supervision of network supervisors and technicians. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Telecommunications engineering also overlaps . Some of the key characteristics of LAN are: The Metropolitan Area Network is the larger version of LAN. 0000007188 00000 n Computersfor processing information. It may be on board a vehicle that can move at high speeds, or it may be a handheld unit used by a pedestrian. What are the 4 main areas of Digital transformation? A telecommunication engineer is responsible for designing and overseeing the installation of telecommunications equipment and facilities, like complex electronic switching systems and other plain old telephone service facilities, optical fiber cabling, IP networks, and microwave transmission systems. Wireless communication technology transmits information over the air using electromagnetic waves like IR (Infrared), RF (Radio Frequency), satellite, etc. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Next "best thing" to being there. Telecommunications softwarefor controlling and managing message transmission over the network. Media This is the communication outlet, wired or wireless. SS7 is a separate network whose duties are setting up, tearing down, monitoring, and routing calls on the PSTN. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Analog and Digital Transmission 9. Satellite 15. 5vn_ d3G^_t;zQ?f~h,nAyDjo1C:B1'X$eI{S2FcXHKRCRKUS|v8ZF?J|9Jbc9Q. 3 Of course many if not most software applications communicate across 0000002093 00000 n %PDF-1.5 % Nonlinear quantization can also be accomplished by passing the signal through a compressor circuit, which amplifies the signals weak components and attenuates its strong components. Introduction to Telecommunication At the end of this session you would be able to: Describe the definitionof communication and communication process Detail the communication technology development Discuss six elements of computer and communication systems 0000005564 00000 n 0000001217 00000 n xUL[U2W@` $_4Ad?cw A Telecommunications network is a network of nodes, links, trunks and telephone switches that are connected, operated by telephone companies and realize telephone, audio, visual and data communications among the users. For an overview of the types of networks used in information transmission, see telecommunications network. Some of them are mentioned below: Wide Area Networks (WANs) - Wide Area Networks (WANs) are telecommunication networks that cover a large geographic area like a large city or metropolitan area. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. 0000021337 00000 n Radio communication system works with the aid of a transmitter and a receiver both equipped with an antenna. :px!FB!sb]h dNm8!VF_@ABwv>]T9G F Omissions? Basic types of systems include base/mobile, peer-to-peer, repeater, and mobile satellite systems. Telecommunications can be defined as the science and practice of transmitting information by electromagnetic means. In modern times, this process almost always involves the use of electromagnetic waves by transmitters and receivers, but in earlier years it also involved the use of drums and visual signals such as smoke, fire, beacons, semaphore lines and other . In current practice 8,000 samples are taken per second, in order to increase the frequency range and the fidelity of the speech representation. (For this reason quantization is often called a lossy system.) I{}`_qK_qAI/v/\}#+ )}#+ ()%=od/d$pGM 8 8? gU7??^ z_j#&vGW RvGW PRKKW{n J _n J Manage Settings 0000019371 00000 n Switching & Transmission Prof. Murat Torlak SS7 Signaling Common Signaling System 7, also called SS7 or C7, was developed by the in order to increase the efficiency of the public voice system. Analog-to-digital conversion begins with sampling, or measuring the amplitude of the analog waveform at equally spaced discrete instants of time. Network Connection Types 7. It is very complicated, time-consuming, and expensive. How many types of Telecommunication networks are there? Circuits A circuit is the physical path that runs between two or more points. Although these nondigital methods of communication may seem antiquated, they are nevertheless integral elements of modern infrastructure. In order for a sampled signal to be stored or transmitted in digital form, each sampled amplitude must be converted to one of a finite number of possible values, or levels. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. The AMPS standard was adopted by Asia, Latin America, and Oceanic countries, creating the largest potential market in the world for cellular. A telecommunications network includes the following components: There are many different types of telecommunication networks. In those years, the technological scheme contributed to the integration of the Ethiopian society when the extensive open wire line system was In order to use digital transmission, however, the analog signals that make up most voice, radio, and television communication must be subjected to a process of analog-to-digital conversion. 0000007008 00000 n A sampling of topics covered in the journal includes performance evaluation of wide area and local networks; fiber optics and photonic switching; DSL, ADSL . A feature of a soft-ware system is an optional or incremental unit of function-ality. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. The transmitter with the help of an antenna produces signals which are carried through radio carrier wave. Telecommunication Systemshighlights some of the recenttop cited papers from the journal. 0000020496 00000 n The compressed signal, now occupying a narrower dynamic range, can be quantized with a uniform, or linear, spacing of thresholds and output levels. Ethiopian Telecommunications Corporation is the oldest public telecommunications operator in Africa. In many cases, the digitized signal is passed through a source encoder, which employs a number of formulas to reduce redundant binary information. The internet is a large example of telecoms . transmission systems are bi-directional, allowing conversation and interaction between 2, or sometimes more, parties. Read recently published open access articles from Telecommunication Systems. 0000002679 00000 n We realize that not all of the papers on this topic have been 4. 33) Which type of switching network involves the establishment of a dedicated path between two stations? How to publish with us, including Open Access, Multi-user reinforcement learning based multi-reward for spectrum access in cognitive vehicular networks, Free-space optical communications over imperfect, On the interference cancellation by reduced channel zero forcing class of precodings in massive MIMO systems, Subspace based DOA estimation of DS-CDMA signals, Simultaneous fault detection in satellite power systems using deep autoencoders and classifier chain, SNAPP A New Manuscript Submission system, Examines the use of analytic and quantitative tools for the modeling, analysis, design, and management of telecommunication systems, Features periodic special issues devoted to a single topic of interest to the readership, Current Contents Collections / Electronics & Telecommunications Collection, Current Contents/Engineering, Computing and Technology, EBSCO Applied Science & Technology Source, EBSCO Computers & Applied Sciences Complete, Japanese Science and Technology Agency (JST), ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. In this type, the communication can be done in one direction only. 137 0 obj <> endobj Telecommunications technology refers to distance communications, such as radio, telephone, television, satellite, microwave, data communication, and computer networking. Digital and Analog Communications 1st Edition by K. Sam Shanmugam Principles of Communication Systems by Taub and Schilling Modern Digital and Analog Communications by B.P. The website does not provide ghostwriting services and has ZERO TOLERANCE towards misuse of the services. Our mission is to offer your business the best solutions that will help save you money and time. 0000025013 00000 n Learn about functions of telecommunication get help in Telecommunication Assignment Help and get to know about telecommunication and its components. :+T3Pfr8-!~{eB3/_Xd77Y+R&]q'F*!(. All these systems are composed of a transmitter, one or more receivers and, finally, routers and switches. An extranet is an intranet shared by more than one organization. Telecommunications, also known as telecom, is the exchange of information over large distances. 0000002096 00000 n This sequence of compression and expansion, known as companding, can yield an effective dynamic range equivalent to 13 bits. 0000019825 00000 n Telecommunication network has many types like wide area network, metropolitan area network, local area network, campus area network, personal area network, virtual private networks, client-server network, peer to peer network, network computing. Updates? They are arranged in bundles called optical cables and used to transmit signals over long distances. Each of them is different and suitable for various applications. The term telecommunication sometimes also referred as telecom. Learning Objectives Upon successful completion of this chapter, you will be able to: understand the history and development of networking technologies; define the key terms associated with networking technologies; understand the importance of broadband technologies; and describe organizational networking. But ordinary voice communications taking place by way of a telephone are not in binary form; neither is much of the information gathered for transmission from a space probe, nor are the television or radio signals gathered for transmission through a satellite link. European Conference on Information Systems, and the International Conference on Information Systems over the past 10 years that portray the diffusion and adoption of telecommunication innovations are analyzed using the framework to provide an overall picture of the accounts. Bandwidth thus represents the maximum frequency range occupied by a signal. Microwave 14. These values are represented by the binary digits, or bits, 1 and 0. Internal nodes are part of the network infrastructure and perform various tasks. The output of the quantizer, on the other hand, must be restricted to a finite number of levels. Transmission over electric wire, radio wave, and optical fibre is discussed in telecommunications media. 0000003639 00000 n Radio telecommunication is a widely used tool. Any receiver must contend with noise. Some of the more notable and familiar examples of optical telecommunication systems include navigation lights, flares, semaphore communication and smoke signals. Communication Software is used to manage the network and specify the protocol which handle the telecommunication system also handle and control the activities and functionality. BUILDING TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM (Part 1) Fundamentals of Telecommunications Systems . A dedicated LAN Administrator is required to handle problems related to the installation of software, hardware issues or cable problems. 0000015027 00000 n Improve Your Grades with Custom Writing Help, assignment_help What is Telecommunication, Computational Mathematics Assignment Help. 0000024030 00000 n 0000035891 00000 n 0000004157 00000 n It connects computers or communication devices in a restricted geographical area like a school campus or office building. Z`LD9B)M%;uRS;$#d@"%GP~S+vi( '{]50RB7#t0SD$[I6r=K IVrpe"`"L )u-r=K 3{D~)YIFxHO;J;#LJm\ Vrpe%#P'j:I%#G)tm\&S&iNDp'j:2I6}U.)%HM3?lS#FV.m)n]4LL&*E3Od|. 0000004759 00000 n Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. It is a need that through time has been covered in an extraordinary way. 158 0 obj <>stream More quantization levels increase the accuracy of the representation, but they also increase the storage capacity or transmission speed required. The introduction of telecommunication in Ethiopia dates back to 1894. 0000000831 00000 n The information or data is stored centrally on the server computer, this makes data management easy and helps keep it secure too. Telecommunications is used for organizing and managing remote computer systems into telecommunications networks. 0000004443 00000 n ZYg75 tCu)_G z]{Q Q;xFgqs]KI 83YdU}#+ )}#+ ()&}`_qK_qAI/v/\}#+ )}#+ ()%=od/d$pGM 8 8? gU7??^ z_j#&vGW RvGW PRKKW{n J _n J One challenge facing analog systems was the This allows any user to access data directly from the server when required. 0000022722 00000 n Some of them are mentioned below: Wide Area Networks (WANs) are telecommunication networks that cover a large geographic area like a large city or metropolitan area. Fiber Optics 16. Some of the more notable and familiar examples of optical telecommunication systems include navigation lights, flares, semaphore communication and smoke signals. This theorem is commonly referred to as the sampling theorem, and the sampling interval (1/2B seconds) is referred to as the Nyquist interval (after the Swedish-born American electrical engineer Harry Nyquist). Y2N Hi&]VCO)w3-,trRY;elppg-Q e1L.U]mHN@kz*`@zlj7g]D f?#;D.j|SVHWmB:y^ peAy5yfcwXJ+\SYLWrcRpO;4*C Terrestrial, (MMS) Maritime Mobile Service communications Traditionally terrestrial maritime communications has used HF, MF and VHF frequencies, for Morsecode telegraphy, then radio telephony Radio telex was introduced (late 1960's), then radiofacsimile and NAVTEX, this work was supported by ITU recommendations such as, (Recommendation ITUR M.1467) In transmission of speech, audio, or video information, the object is high fidelitythat is, the best possible reproduction of the original message without the degradations imposed by signal distortion and noise. Telecommunications is the merging of voice, data (WAN), LAN, video, image, and wireless communications technologies with PC and microelec- tronic technologies to facilitate communications between people or to deliver entertainment, information, and other services to people. The medium of communication is optical fibres, cables, etc. Explore this interesting world with our telecommunications books. WANs are used by big organizations or multinational companies for transmitting and receiving information among their employees, suppliers, customers that are spread across different cities, states or countries across the world. [3] GSM 05.01 (ETS 300 573): "Digital cellular telecommunication system Switching & TransmissionProf. 0000001558 00000 n Data security is a real problem as different people use or access information from different computers. The input to the quantizer is a sequence of sampled amplitudes for which there are an infinite number of possible values. systems. Data transmitted in the form of electrical signals known as carrier waves, which are modulated into analog or digital signals to transmit information. 0000002306 00000 n I{}`_qK_qAI/v/\}#+ )}#+ ()%=od/d$pGM 8 8? gU7??^ z_j#&vGW RvGW PRKKW{n J _n J Switching can be done in one of two ways. This helps reduce cost. Types of Telecommunication Networks. there is feedback). Since ancient times, human beings have sought means to communicate at a distance. In the 21 st century, it is essential to the conduct of most elections. Control the flow of information that dependent on the communication channels and the terminals used to transmit information. Author of, Corporate Vice President and Director, Communications Research Laboratories, Motorola Inc., Schaumburg, Illinois. Telecommunication is a vast range of information-transmitting technology such as mobile phones, land lines telephone, VOIP and broadcast network. vxQgcC;,1f.H,P0d4K"L\]\A-ICb#uy=ckyC^Miw{_IfUg{&{ endstream endobj 108 0 obj 402 endobj 79 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 73 0 R /Resources 92 0 R /Contents 97 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 80 0 obj << /Count 11 /First 81 0 R /Last 82 0 R >> endobj 81 0 obj << /Title (nE) /Dest [ 79 0 R /FitB ] /Parent 80 0 R /Next 91 0 R >> endobj 82 0 obj << /Title (}#Q+t _W) /Dest [ 52 0 R /FitB ] /Parent 80 0 R /Prev 83 0 R >> endobj 83 0 obj << /Title (7QIpC6u) /Dest [ 43 0 R /FitB ] /Parent 80 0 R /Prev 84 0 R /Next 82 0 R >> endobj 84 0 obj << /Title ( [F) /Dest [ 34 0 R /FitB ] /Parent 80 0 R /Prev 85 0 R /Next 83 0 R >> endobj 85 0 obj << /Title (s7?cEW\() /Dest [ 28 0 R /FitB ] /Parent 80 0 R /Prev 86 0 R /Next 84 0 R >> endobj 86 0 obj << /Title (\\AsZV>-=) /Dest [ 23 0 R /FitB ] /Parent 80 0 R /Prev 87 0 R /Next 85 0 R >> endobj 87 0 obj << /Title (sOLwlK3) /Dest [ 18 0 R /FitB ] /Parent 80 0 R /Prev 88 0 R /Next 86 0 R >> endobj 88 0 obj << /Title (\(|XM|2I) /Dest [ 8 0 R /FitB ] /Parent 80 0 R /Prev 89 0 R /Next 87 0 R >> endobj 89 0 obj << /Title (dX]) /Dest [ 5 0 R /FitB ] /Parent 80 0 R /Prev 90 0 R /Next 88 0 R >> endobj 90 0 obj << /Title (7_KCS-|yy.Z`^o=1Pd.IlG[4 r{JTHR) /Dest [ 1 0 R /FitB ] /Parent 80 0 R /Prev 91 0 R /Next 89 0 R >> endobj 91 0 obj << /Title (q[Wn\n) /Dest [ 79 0 R /FitB ] /Parent 80 0 R /Prev 81 0 R /Next 90 0 R >> endobj 92 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageC /ImageI ] /Font << /TT2 93 0 R /TT4 98 0 R /TT6 101 0 R /TT8 102 0 R >> /XObject << /Im1 106 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 104 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs5 94 0 R /Cs9 96 0 R >> >> endobj 93 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 169 /Widths [ 352 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 364 454 636 636 636 636 636 636 636 636 636 636 454 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 698 0 632 575 0 0 421 0 0 0 0 0 0 603 0 0 0 616 0 0 989 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 601 623 521 0 596 0 623 633 274 0 0 274 973 633 607 623 0 427 521 394 633 0 818 0 592 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1000 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /Verdana /FontDescriptor 95 0 R >> endobj 94 0 obj [ /CalRGB << /WhitePoint [ 0.9505 1 1.089 ] /Gamma [ 2.22221 2.22221 2.22221 ] /Matrix [ 0.4124 0.2126 0.0193 0.3576 0.71519 0.1192 0.1805 0.0722 0.9505 ] >> ] endobj 95 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 1005 /CapHeight 0 /Descent -209 /Flags 32 /FontBBox [ -50 -207 1447 1000 ] /FontName /Verdana /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 0 >> endobj 96 0 obj [ /Indexed 94 0 R 255 105 0 R ] endobj 97 0 obj << /Length 1892 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream

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