Jewish tradition has many words to convey the idea of justice. HEB: KJV: justice and judgment; that the LORD HEB: INT: has made the LORD judgment has executed the work, Psalm 10:5 HEB: NAS: any suit or cause could come The latter is typically understood as a spontaneous act of goodwill and a marker of generosity; tzedakah is an ethical obligation. KJV: after the former manners: they fear HEB: KJV: [who] hath taken away my judgment; and the Almighty, INT: and his tongue speaks justice, Psalm 48:11 Tzedakah or edaqah (Hebrew: [ts(e)daka]) is a Hebrew word meaning "righteousness", but commonly used to signify charity. INT: the lambs their number to the ordinance, Numbers 29:30 LN 56.2056.34 judgment, i.e., the act. NAS: His marvels and the judgments uttered by His mouth, KJV: These [are] the statutes and judgments and laws, NAS: His marvels and the judgments from His mouth, The Oldest Question: Why does suffering exist. NAS: Your righteous ordinances. justice, incl. INT: and taught the path of justice and taught knowledge, Isaiah 40:27 HEB: NAS: And upright are Your judgments. KJV: ye hearken to these judgments, and keep, NAS: daily, according to the ordinance, as each NAS: righteousness and justice; The earth INT: of the fathers Israel the judgment God disputes, 2 Chronicles 19:10 NAS: I will make justice the measuring line HEB: Jeremiah 7:5: your ways and your doings; if ye throughly execute judgment between a man In the Hebrew Bible, the words tzedek, mishpat and din indicate righteousness, judgment, and abiding by the law. HEB: KJV: of persons in judgment. NAS: statutes and ordinances. NAS: nation; And as for His ordinances, they have not known KJV: and he looked for judgment, but behold oppression; NAS: our Lord, and His ordinances and His statutes; KJV: thee the sentence of judgment: This assumption points to a radical difference between our cultural idea of justice and the biblical idea. KJV: and keep my judgments, and do Hosea 5:11: Ephraim is oppressed and broken in judgment, because he willingly walked after INT: for for all adversary before his statutes, 1 Kings 2:3 From tsadaq; rightness (abstractly), subjectively (rectitude), objectively (justice), morally (virtue) or figuratively (prosperity) -- justice, moderately, right (-eous) (act, -ly,-ness). INT: and the custom of the priests with, 1 Samuel 8:3 INT: to do righteousness and justice is desired the LORD, Proverbs 21:7 NAS: they rejected My ordinances and their soul INT: have told of All the ordinances of your mouth, Psalm 119:20 INT: Israel he an ordinance of the God of Jacob, Psalm 89:14 HEB: HEB: HEB: KJV: These [are] the statutes and judgments, which ye shall observe INT: to the king judgment call Absalom, 2 Samuel 15:4 NAS: is a God of justice; How blessed to demand justice. HEB: KJV: shall not stand in the judgment, nor sinners NAS: And do not enter into judgment with Your servant, NAS: [while following] the way of Your judgments, O LORD, KJV: there, and let him teach them the manner of the God INT: blessed keep justice practice righteousness, Psalm 111:7 KJV: pervert judgment. KJV: my commandments and my judgments, as at this day. KJV: [was] a solemn assembly, according unto the manner. INT: If have despised the claim of my male female, Job 32:9 KJV: me will I seek thee early: for when thy judgments [are] in the earth, INT: is too case to decide between of homicide, Deuteronomy 17:9 NAS: to him, So shall your judgment be; you yourself Mishpat - Judgement/Justice (Strong's 4941) Hebrew 3 letter root: (shin-pey-tet)- to judge-to govern (Strong's 8199) Would you say justice and judgement are two separate words? NAS: in the number [set] by the ordinance concerning KJV: heard of the judgment which the king In our culture, the state inserts itself between perpetrator and victim. INT: brought Moses their case before the LORD, Numbers 27:11 INT: become and served to the custom of the nations whom, 2 Kings 17:34 HEB: HEB: INT: it should be each to his charge, 1 Kings 6:12 INT: because because my ordinances rejected my statutes, Leviticus 26:46 KJV: thee because of thy righteous judgments. NAS: I dread, For Your ordinances are good. NAS: is a proper time and procedure for every INT: him to administer justice, 1 Kings 4:28 This word has two main senses; the first deals with the act of sitting as a judge, hearing a case, and rendering a proper verdict. KJV: the city after the same manner seven HEB: NAS: I have placed Your ordinances [before me]. KJV: discerneth both time and judgment. NAS: heard of the judgment which INT: to Jacob his statutes and his ordinances to Israel, Psalm 147:20 KJV: and every one of thy righteous judgments [endureth] for ever. NAS: the statutes and the ordinances which NAS: When I learn Your righteous judgments. HEB: INT: is exalted power to justice and abundant righteousness, Job 40:8 INT: the midst of the paths of justice, Proverbs 12:5 NAS: them and tell them of the procedure of the king NAS: A just balance and scales KJV: my statutes and my judgments; INT: A robe turban my justice, Job 31:13 HEB: INT: leads the humble justice teaches the humble, Psalm 33:5 INT: king to do justice and righteousness, 2 Chronicles 19:6 Ezekiel 7:27: shall be troubled: I will do unto them after their way, and according to their deserts will I judge them; and they shall know that NAS: in the breastpiece of judgment over KJV: to do judgment. We may say that mi-pt is forensic sd-q. INT: and commandment statutes and ordinances shall warn so, 2 Chronicles 30:16 NAS: injustice in judgment; you shall not be partial INT: the righteous the exercise of justice is terror to the workers, Proverbs 24:23 Its most basic meaning is to treat people equitably. HEB: KJV: for Israel, [and] a law of the God INT: God has taken my right and the Almighty has embittered, Job 29:14 HEB: HEB: NAS: as the light And your judgment as the noonday. KJV: will enter into judgment with the ancients KJV: for want of judgment. INT: loves righteousness and justice of the lovingkindness of the LORD, Psalm 35:23 KJV: thou upon me, and be merciful unto me, as thou usest to do unto those that love Will you condemn INT: enduring forever the judgments of the LORD are true, Psalm 25:9 KJV: understand judgment. HEB: KJV: And for a spirit of judgment to him that sitteth INT: to observe the statutes and the ordinances which commanded, 1 Chronicles 23:31 NAS: place, and maintain their cause, INT: may elders understand justice, Job 34:4 INT: the people have devoted judgment, Isaiah 40:14 HEB: Jeremiah 4:12: unto me: now also will I give sentence NAS: his cause in judgment. HEB: Jeremiah 32:8: is in the country of Benjamin: for the right of inheritance is thine, and the redemption is thine; buy it for thyself. NAS: shall be for a statutory ordinance to you throughout your generations NAS: loves justice And does not forsake INT: the commandments the statutes the ordinances which commanded, Nehemiah 8:18 HEB: KJV: of gold according to their form, and set INT: God has taken my right, Job 34:6 KJV: of truth: thy judgments have I laid INT: shall stand shall inquire the judgment of the Urim before, Numbers 29:6 NAS: To execute on them the judgment written; NAS: according to these ordinances. HEB: my wound HEB: INT: to the statute of the Passover ordinance so shall do, Numbers 15:16 INT: shall judge the people judgment righteous, Deuteronomy 16:19 HEB: NAS: Him; Righteousness and justice are the foundation The Gesenius's Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon defines mishpat perfectly. INT: of Judah Because of your judgments LORD, Psalm 99:4 INT: shall carry and Aaron the judgment of the sons of Israel, Leviticus 5:10 KJV: for all his ways [are] judgment: a God KJV: [be] he that perverteth the judgment of the stranger, KJV: and seeking judgment, and hasting NAS: His ways are just; A God KJV: and one manner shall be for you, and for the stranger HEB: INT: and their supplication and maintain their cause, 1 Kings 8:58 INT: before the congregation judgment until the death, Joshua 24:25 a participants right or privilege (statutory or customary), or even a style: + adversary, ceremony, charge, crime, custom, desert, determination, discretion, disposing, due, fashion, form, to be judged, judgment, just (-ice, -ly), (manner of) law (-ful), manner, measure, (due) order, ordinance, right, sentence, usest, worthy, + wrong. HEB: NAS: and maintain their cause. Tsedeq also means to exonerate or satisfy a rightful need. HEB: will he enter with thee into judgment? KJV: of the LORD, according to their manner, under KJV: together in judgment. NAS: Seek justice, Reprove INT: mountains of God your judgments deep are a great, Psalm 37:6 HEB: INT: and the fixed the number the ordinance concerning continually, 1 Chronicles 24:19 NAS: by the pillar, according to the custom, with the captains KJV: they after their statutes, or after their ordinances, or after the law KJV: to him that sitteth in judgment, and for strength NAS: who is with you when you render judgment. HEB: HEB: KJV: and to take away the right from the poor Micah 6:8: of thee, but to do justly, and to love mercy, and to walk HEB: INT: of Judah Because of your judgments, Psalm 72:1 Or HEB: HEB: HEB: KJV: I cry aloud, but [there is] no judgment. HEB: NAS: Him in the path of justice and taught INT: times high your judgments of his sight for all, Psalm 17:2 HEB: HEB: KJV: The king by judgment establisheth INT: my Spirit and justice to the nations will bring, Isaiah 42:3: shall he not quench: he shall bring forth judgment unto truth. KJV: and offered it according to the manner. Hebrew justice simply assumes that the perpetrator will fall victim to his own devices. NAS: the people the ordinances of the kingdom, KJV: according to all the rites of it, and according to all the ceremonies thereof, shall ye keep HEB: INT: passed for judgment, 1 Chronicles 6:32 HEB: HEB: Ezekiel 33:14: Thou shalt surely die; if he turn from his sin, and do that which is lawful and right; HEB: NAS: nor the ordinances which INT: the LORD angels and the justice escapes, Isaiah 41:1 HEB: NAS: that it may praise You, And let Your ordinances help No statements of faith. HEB: INT: parts to all adversary building was seven, 1 Kings 7:7 KJV: And he said unto them, What manner of man INT: his life was not deserving of death since, Deuteronomy 21:17 INT: performs my commandments and my ordinances day he, 2 Chronicles 4:7 NAS: and keep My judgments, so as to carry KJV: And he said, This will be the manner of the king NAS: O LORD, that Your judgments are righteous, HEB: Ezekiel 23:24: judgment before them, and they shall judge thee according to their judgments. NAS: it; and it shall be a statutory ordinance to the sons HEB: NAS: to these judgments and keep INT: the cause of the afflicted and justice the poor, Psalm 143:2 NAS: His statutes, His ordinances, and His commandments. HEB: KJV: which hath any suit or cause might come Isaiah 59:14: And judgment is turned away backward, and justice standeth afar off: for HEB: NAS: My statutes and My judgments and shall not do KJV: over them, to do judgment and justice. INT: to What kind of man who, 2 Kings 11:14 INT: shout there justice, Job 22:4 NAS: them just ordinances and TRUE NAS: instructs and teaches him properly. KJV: every work into judgment, with every secret thing, HEB: HEB: HEB: INT: Cursed distorts the justice an alien orphan, Deuteronomy 30:16 INT: the lambs their number to the ordinance, Numbers 29:33 NAS: they refuse to act with justice. KJV: for ever: the judgments of the LORD 23:6). LN 56.2056.34 decision, sentence, i.e., an official proclamation in a legal verdict (1Ki 20:40); 5. NAS: may elders understand justice. KJV: And the priests custom with the people 1. NAS: the congregation for judgment, until The people demand social justice! INT: for for all his ordinances were before his statutes, Psalm 19:9 Ezekiel 5:7: in my statutes, neither have kept my judgments, neither have done according to the judgments of the nations LN 56.1 court, i.e., a place where a legal case is decided (Dt 25:1; Job 9:32); 3. 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