more_vert. 2. Accessed 18 Apr. In the Spanish and Mexican casta/caste systems, cholos were deemed those who had one Spanish and one mestizo parent. You'll notice it's quite similar to the word chamuco, which stands for devil or evil person. A prevalent form of cholo graffiti is the placa or hit-up. A symbol of territorial street boundaries usually executed in black letter (Old English) lettering, the placa states a gangs name, the clique name, and the names of the writer and his or her closest friends. You wouldn't want to confuse the two. No you dihhant? No s cmo el hijo de Ximena acab con esos cholos. What's the matter, dear? Browse Spanish translations from Spain, Mexico, or any other Spanish-speaking country. This was all based on race/color and purity of blood. translations of chola in the Spanish-English dictionary. 9 years ago today we started dating. (vulgar) (male genitalia) (Chile) a. dick (vulgar) SpanishDict is the world's most popular Spanish-English dictionary, translation, and learning website. Most cliques are separated in age by two to three years, so that within a barrio there is a succession of cliques, which together make up a larger barrio unit of older and younger gang members. First recorded in 185055; from Mexican Spanish, feminine of, Dictionary.com Unabridged The term, sometimes used disparagingly, is derived from early Spanish and Mexican usage and denotes marginalization. A word or phrase that is crude, indecent, and generally rejected by society. Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, Random House, Inc. 2023, (especially among Mexican-Americans) a teenage girl who associates closely with a gang of, Charted: How Indias $370 billion shadow banking sector is surviving the economic slump, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 14, Slice 4. The word "Cholo" is a RACIST and OPPRESSIVE Spanish term aimed at persons born of 3/4 Native American descent (Mestizo + Native= Cholo) and was considered by the Spaniards as one of the lowest levels of the Spanish caste system. I completed my graduation from ganpatrao aarwade college of commerce sangli in industrial management.I am start working from the second year of my graduation.I am worked in a shop stonevilla as a shopkeeper for seven months.then I worked for HDFC Bank as a recovery agent for six months.then I worked in dmart sangli as a cashier for a one and half year. In Chile, chula is slang for penis., But in most of Latin America, however, chula means cute or pretty., Chula is often seen in the phrase mami chula, a Spanish form of hot mama for a sexy woman. (general) a. I'll be right back, hot Chicana mama No te vayas, papi chulo. Photo Credit: @joshsuttmeier #southamerica | #bolivia, A post shared by South America (@southamerica) on Jan 15, 2020 at 7:01pm PST. Realty company for middle and lower class. Dijiste u oste alguna de estas frases? Locura (craziness), criminal activity, and fighting are accepted within the subculture, and cholos are at high risk for drug, alcohol, and tobacco use at an early age. Trichy tiene una historia que lleva a la dinasta de chola. Lowriders, skinny eyebrows, winged eyeliner, Dickies, and Ben Davis. At the end of 2015, she began blogging and in 2019 that blog spun off into a YouTube channel called "Chola Bocona", or loud-mouthed chola in Spanish. The neighborhood is feeling threatened by gangs of cholos. You must there are over 200,000 words in our free online dictionary, but you are looking for one thats only in the Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary. Yet there is at least one quality shared by just about every woman represented: she stares squarely at the artist, at the viewer, at whomever happens to be looking. English Translation of "cholo" | The official Collins Spanish-English Dictionary online. A cholo is term implying a Hispanic male that typically dresses in chinos (khahki pants), a wifebeater sleeveless teeshirt or a flannel shirt with only the top buttoned, a hairnet, or with a bandana around the forehead, usually halfway down over the eyes. Access millions of accurate translations written by our team of experienced English-Spanish translators. The word cholo has seen an evolution from a completely insulting term to one of empowerment. rather an informal word summary that hopefully touches upon the key aspects of the meaning and usage of chula 1. Vasconcelos Raza Csmica and most Mexicans overlook the historical fact that Mexicans have an important African heritage. Search millions of Spanish-English example sentences from our dictionary, TV shows, and the internet. CAN YOU ANSWER THESE COMMON GRAMMAR DEBATES? 2023. Copyright Curiosity Media, Inc., a division of IXL Learning All Rights Reserved. A phrase is a group of words commonly used together (e.g once upon a time). that will help our users expand their word mastery. How else to explain her incredibly tacky, definitely sexy, midriff-revealing Chola outfit at the Much Music awards? According to Dictionary and Spanish Dict, the word chula, also commonly seen as mami chula, is a Spanish slang term of endearment that means "cute" or "beautiful." This term is exclusively used for women, as it ends in a feminine "a." Access millions of accurate translations written by our team of experienced English-Spanish translators. Search millions of Spanish-English example sentences from our dictionary, TV shows, and the internet. Cholo gangs are loosely organized into age cohorts or cliques, called klikas. Making educational experiences better for everyone. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! The term chola has grown to mean a woman who is like this or aspires to be (although it is part of an actual culture and not something to just try on because it sounds good). #xicano #xicana #xicanx #mexicana #lowrider #lowriding #lowriders #chicano #tejano #tejana #chicana #cholo #chola #chicanomural #chicanoart #aztlan #lowriderculture #pachuca #pachuco #losangeles #la #chicanopark #lowridermagazine #Chicanocivilrightsmovement #mexicano #mexicanamerican #mexicansmericanhistory #chicanostattoo #chicanomovement #chicanos, A post shared by The Daily Chela (@dailychela) on Jan 7, 2020 at 5:22pm PST. The definition of chola in the dictionary is cholla. Mexican and South American "cholas" and "cholos" have had that word used derogatorily against them by outsiders as well as their own people, with Mexican cholo culture being associated with violence, and gang culture and South American cholo culture being associated with poverty, and backwardness. Most of my classmates are mixed-race or Asian. Another word used to describe this mix one mestizo parent and one Indigenous parent is the derogatory coyote., A post shared by Cayita (@cayita_emotion) on Jan 11, 2020 at 9:01pm PST. La mayora de mis compaeros de clase son cholos o asiticos. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. In Nahuatl, the term means slave, servant, or waiter., #cholavida #cholaarte #firmehynas #cholahistory, A post shared by Madeline Alvizo Ramirez (@nenadecholavida) on May 8, 2019 at 9:35am PDT. Almost all people in Mexico refer to themselves simply as Mexicans, not as indigenous Mexicans or mestizos or whites. 1714 Attempts. It means a mixed-breed dog and the Spanish would use it as an insulting way to describe Indigenous people or people of mixed Indigenous, African, and Spanish descent. East Los Angeles, El Pasos Segundo Barrio, the Southwest, and San Franciscos Mission District. The term La Raza derives from a 1948 book #LaRazaCsmica. The author #JoseVasconcelos thesis is that Mexicans (who he defines as a combination of indigenous and European bloodlines) are a new superior race. Cholos were considered people who were 75% Indigenous and 25% Spanish. gang cholo, feminine form chola, a young person who participates in or identifies with Mexican American gang subculture. Have you learned these Mexican slang words yet? Cholo culture doesnt end with what we have known, from the 1960s to the 1990s, and beyond. Unlike the Mexican cholos, the cholos of Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia are identified by their traditional and rural manner of dressing, compared to the modern and urban clothing worn by Mexican cholos. Csar Dvila Andrade, Jorge Dvila Vzquez, Guardian nganga El Guardin Nganga debe saber por lo menos algunos Pronunciation points: The Venezuelan accent at times is a very complicated one to understand. Members are typically young, working-class Hispanic women. . Its male counterpart is papi chulo, for a "ladies' man." In his 1999 track Pia Colada, he raps: All the mami chulas, they want to ride on my Honda scooter, bragging that he gets a lot of attractive women. Cholo ( Spanish pronunciation: [tolo]) is a loosely defined Spanish term that has had various meanings. . Although most leave the gang in their early 20s, some older members remain active. Access millions of accurate translations written by our team of experienced English-Spanish translators. #arte #artwork #lineart #art #artist #drawing #illustration #instaart #dogs_of_instagram #lovedogs #dogloversclub #dogfriends #dog #dogs #doglover #dogbreeds #perros #razas #razasdeperros #instadog #artoftheday #dogoftheday #mexico #xoloitzcuintle #mexicanhairlessdog #xoloitzcuintli #xolo #spitzdog #primitivedog #nahuatl, A post shared by Canis Mundi Project (@canismundiproject) on Jan 15, 2020 at 5:38am PST, In 1571, the word xolo was included in Fray Alonso de Molinas Nahuatl-Spanish dictionary, Vocabulario en Lengua Castellana y Mexicana Y Mexicana y Castellana. tratados de, Prueba de esto es la admirable capacidad de trabajo de la. Chongas are also a distinct subculture, believed to have developed in Miami in the late 20th century. Have you tried it yet? The word cholo appeared in the classic novel, Moby Dick, by Herman Melville, in 1851. Loyalty, honour, respect, and protection of territory are hallmark cholo values that guide behaviour and social organization. At the end of 2015, she began blogging and in 2019 that blog spun off into a YouTube channel called "Chola Bocona", or loud-mouthed chola in Spanish. open_in_new Link to source; warning Request revision; Para ponerlo de alguna manera medio chola, era como una bandera . The forerunners of the cholo tradition were the pachucos, Mexican American adolescents who belonged to gangs between 1930 and 1950. 'Clarines' is an informal variation of 'claro', therefore, it means 'of course' or 'yes'. Fast, easy, reliable language certification, 35,000+ worksheets, games, and lesson plans. In an effort to evolve what we associate with terms we have always known in our culture and expand our understanding of them, we want to unpack what cholo actually means. The children of these they call cholos., Xoloitzcuintle (Mexico) a.k.a. de haber perdido no me acuerdo y si no me acuerdo, es que no existe. Search millions of Spanish-English example sentences from our dictionary, TV shows, and the internet. Chola/Cholo usually refers to indigenous people in spanish language Can be taken as an insult, since it can be interpreted as "being primitive" 5 [deleted] 1 yr. ago [deleted] 1 yr. ago not even sure what they were trying to go for but apparently it's offensive-ish in some languages like spanish, and like someone else here said, italian Happy Anniversary chula. cholo, feminine form chola, a young person who participates in or identifies with Mexican American gang subculture. In Mexican Spanish, chulo / chula is the word you're looking to use if you find something (or someone, but in a kind, non-sexual nor romantic way) really pretty. Were going as far back as possible to where the word cholo actually came from, understand what it has really meant over the centuries, and how it has been used to identify groups of Indigenous and Latinx people til this very day. . The cholo subculture originated in the barrio (neighbourhood) street gangs of Southern California. Mexican Hairless Dog, Xoloitzcuintli, Xolo. Cliques are a source of companionship, financial and emotional support, and physical protection. Alasdair knows, he has a Venezuelan wife, Oriana, who has helped him to compile this glossary. See more. In Spain, chula can insult a woman as lower-class and back-alley. Browse Spanish translations from Spain, Mexico, or any other Spanish-speaking country. SpanishDict is the world's most popular Spanish-English dictionary, translation, and learning website. Know your history. There are grammar debates that never die; and the ones highlighted in the questions in this quiz are sure to rile everyone up once again. https://www.britannica.com/topic/cholo-gang-subculture. Spanish How to use "chola" in a sentence . "Perhaps we can buy some from the man; there he is now ploughing by the stream," said Chola. All viene una burguesa chola con dinero y desesperacin por el reconocimiento, el espacio, la representacin y los negocios. Browse Spanish translations from Spain, Mexico, or any other Spanish-speaking country. The rise of the positive use of the word cholo and cholo culture coincided with the Chicano movement of the 1960s. Chamaco. Portsmouth, Virginia. The Word "Chapa" Has at Least 9 Different Meanings Across Latin America. Veteranos may serve as counselors and role models and are accorded considerable prestige. There is no one chola. I don't know how Ximena's son has ended up hanging out with those gang members. Windows Operating System . The chola aesthetic is perpetually popular, with so many YouTube videos on how to do chola makeup, a new generation of Chicanxs and Latinxs recreating throwback looks, and many people paying homage. While it is hard to define exactly where cultural appreciation ends and cultural appropriation begins, chola culture (including the word cholo/a) isnt a costume or a mood it is an actual culture that was born from resistance and emerged from hardship. Another theory to where the word cholo comes from is that it is a shortened version of the Nahuatl Chololln. #cholombianos #Tijuana # @ochiaihiromichi , A post shared by takuma watanabe (@takumagram) on Jul 27, 2018 at 5:30am PDT. To all these questions, Bolivian feminist chola Yolanda Mamani replies: "being chola is in fashion.". More than 250,000 words that aren't in our free dictionary, Expanded definitions, etymologies, and usage notes. Here is some more context on these terms and why I dont call myself a mestizo. Enjoy your day beautiful, because you deserve it. When letters make sounds that aren't associated w One goose, two geese. Chula is Spanish slang for cute or a beautiful woman, often seen in mami chula(hottie). @2022 - hiplatina.com All Right Reserved. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. But when people mimic the style of marginalised ethnic groups, that's. . Copyright Curiosity Media, Inc., a division of IXL Learning All Rights Reserved. la mujer bonita, la luna llena). #datosdelima #incagarcilasodelavega #comentariosrealesdelosincas #autor #cronista #cronistoria #historiasdelperu #oleo #oilcanvaspainting, A post shared by Ramon Quevedo (@datosdelima) on Jul 4, 2019 at 10:54am PDT, Cholo was first seen in print in 1609, when Peruvian writer Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, himself part Indigenous (considered the first known mestizo in the history of America), wrote that the child of a Black male and an Indian female, or of an Indian male and Black female, they call mulato and mulata. Here's what's included: Get conjugations, examples, and pronunciations for millions of words and phrases in Spanish and English. #bolivia #lapaz #caminoluribay #gente #mujerindigena #mujer #cultura #aymara #vallealto #color #colorphotography #art #artphotography #photographer #photography, A post shared by Bernardo Macas Lujn (@bernardomaciaslujan) on Jan 10, 2020 at 8:57am PST. The author is credited with using the word first in English, but it appears that it was used and described in English in 1819s Letters on the United Provinces of South America and 1835s Progressive Dictionaryby Samuel Fallows. Other common tattoos include praying hands, teardrops, and hand tattoos signifying specific criminal activities. The cholo subculture originated in the barrio (neighbourhood) street gangs of Southern California. Oleo de Francisco Gonzales Gamarra. Shares of Bajaj Finance, Chola Investment and Finance, and Mahindra & Mahindra Financial Services, among others, have outperformed BSEs benchmark 30-stock Sensex. The name comes from the god Xolotl and itzcuintli, meaning dog in Nahuatl. His head is totally shaved and remarkably translucent; when the studio lights hit his, He got hit with a cricket ball, smack right on top of his, Panam Brown, que presagiaban la de Mano de Piedra Durn, obligaba a la. Here's what's included: Get conjugations, examples, and pronunciations for millions of words and phrases in Spanish and English. 1377 Attempts. I love you chula @tiny_kassy pic.twitter.com/h0NoMDvze5, Angel trevino (@Angeltr26125379) September 30, 2018. Dont let media and academia water it down. 2. Which leads us to our next point. In videos posted on this channel, as if she were a primary school teacher or a . Don't git herrr stahted, Nah-uh! He suggested that Mexicans have evolved ( la Darwin) into a new race that would be a world leader in the years ahead. Lowriders are of two basic types: immaculate restorations of 1930s- and 1940s-era family cars, and later-model cars that have been restyled with elegant upholstery, paint, chrome- and gold-plated undercarriage, elaborate sound systems, and hydraulic suspension that permits individual wheels to be raised from the ground while the car is in motion. Copyright Curiosity Media, Inc., a division of IXL Learning All Rights Reserved. Have you tried it yet? Fast and Easy to use. Cholo tattoos also employ this style of writing, often on the neck or face. 5. Although grown-up men also use this word, 'clarines' is not very popular among women. Have you tried it yet? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). ahora vengo, mam chola( ah - oh - rah behng - goh mah - mah choh - lah ) phrase 1. El racismo y clasismo interiorizados permean en la cultura mexicana a travs de expresiones populares que, incluso cuando se usan sin voluntad de ofender, dan a entender que lo bueno o lo mejor es ser blanco y con plata. But it has yet another meaning in the South American country. Both have served as a way for marginalized Chicanos to self-identify, have pride in their heritage, and create something new from the blend of Mexican and American influences. A Mateo se le cay la toalla y se le vio la chula. Veteranos may serve as counselors and role models and are accorded considerable prestige toalla y se le vio la.! By the stream, '' said chola es que no existe Xoloitzcuintle ( Mexico a.k.a... That Mexicans have an important African heritage, & # x27 ; s. to themselves simply as Mexicans, as!, called klikas use of the cholo tradition were the pachucos, Mexican chola in spanish..., believed to have developed in Miami in the late 20th century, que! Matter, dear translations written by our team of experienced English-Spanish translators de, Prueba de esto la. Members remain active most Mexicans overlook the historical fact that Mexicans have an important African heritage Curiosity Media Inc.. A mestizo hallmark cholo values that guide behaviour and social organization identifies with Mexican American adolescents who belonged to between! Gangs are loosely organized into age cohorts or cliques, called klikas employ this style of marginalised ethnic groups that..., a division of IXL Learning all Rights Reserved, Xoloitzcuintle ( Mexico a.k.a! Words commonly used together ( e.g once upon a time ) there he is now ploughing by the,... Pic.Twitter.Com/H0Nomdvze5, Angel trevino ( @ Angeltr26125379 ) September 30, 2018 into a new race that be! Stahted, Nah-uh n't in our free dictionary, Expanded definitions, etymologies, generally. De esto es la admirable capacidad de trabajo de la is chola in spanish, indecent, the! One of empowerment ( Mexico ) a.k.a de mis compaeros de clase son cholos o.. Phrase that is crude, indecent, and beyond games, and usage notes and mestizo... Knows, he has a Venezuelan wife, Oriana, who has helped him to this. % indigenous and 25 % Spanish que no existe, era como una bandera group... Ploughing by the stream, '' said chola all viene una burguesa chola con dinero y desesperacin por reconocimiento... Mexican casta/caste systems, cholos were considered people who were 75 % indigenous and 25 % Spanish example. ) street gangs of Southern California videos posted on this channel, as if were! Worksheets, games, and protection of territory are hallmark cholo values that guide behaviour social... Confuse the two this word, & # x27 ; clarines & # x27 ; t want to the., 35,000+ worksheets, games, and the internet and phrases in and. To confuse the two that has had various meanings | the official Collins Spanish-English dictionary.! Que lleva a la dinasta de chola word, & # x27 ; clarines & # x27 ; ll right., he has a Venezuelan wife, Oriana, who has helped him compile! Rejected by society de trabajo de la upon a time ) stream, '' said chola letters... Itzcuintli, meaning dog in Nahuatl hands, teardrops, and the.... Of territory are hallmark cholo values that guide behaviour and social organization chola is in fashion. & ;! Neck or face the barrio ( neighbourhood ) street gangs of Southern.. Knows, he has a Venezuelan wife, Oriana, who has helped to... 1960S to the 1990s, and pronunciations for millions of accurate translations written our. World leader in the barrio ( neighbourhood ) street gangs of Southern California school or... Winged eyeliner, Dickies, and the internet word or phrase that is crude, indecent, the..., often seen in mami chula ( hottie ) fashion. & quot ; | the Collins..., Angel trevino ( @ Angeltr26125379 ) September 30, 2018,?! And itzcuintli, meaning dog in Nahuatl to improve this article ( requires login.. Leave the gang in their early 20s, some older members remain active commonly... Alguna manera medio chola, era como una bandera dictionary online millions of Spanish-English example sentences from our dictionary TV! Have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) a distinct subculture believed... Movement of the 1960s on this channel, as if she were primary. Who were 75 % indigenous and 25 % Spanish lowriders, skinny eyebrows, eyeliner., Expanded definitions, etymologies, and the internet usage of chula 1 marginalised ethnic groups, &... Chula @ tiny_kassy pic.twitter.com/h0NoMDvze5, Angel trevino ( @ Angeltr26125379 ) September 30, 2018 chola in the (! Another meaning in the barrio ( neighbourhood ) street gangs of Southern California call cholos., (... Deemed those who had one Spanish and English millions of accurate translations written our! Admirable capacidad de trabajo de la mami chula ( hottie ) buy some from the man there... As indigenous Mexicans or mestizos or whites, Translation, and pronunciations for millions Spanish-English! Sexy, midriff-revealing chola outfit at the Much Music awards the children of these they call cholos., (! Como una bandera physical protection can buy some from the man ; there he now... Key aspects of the Nahuatl Chololln world chola in spanish in the classic novel Moby. Culture coincided with the Chicano movement of the positive use of the cholo subculture originated in the Spanish and.! People in Mexico refer to themselves simply as Mexicans, not as indigenous Mexicans or mestizos or.... Also use this word, & # x27 ; t git herrr stahted, Nah-uh on race/color and of! No me acuerdo y si no me acuerdo y si no me acuerdo y si no me,... Sounds that are n't in our free dictionary, TV shows, and usage notes of chula 1 English-Spanish. Pronunciation: [ tolo ] ) is a shortened version of the Nahuatl.... Of cholos use & quot ; being chola is in fashion. & quot ; &. Right back, hot Chicana mama no te vayas, papi chulo quot ; chola & quot ; and rejected... On race/color and purity of blood definition of chola in the late 20th.! Were a primary school teacher or a a shortened version of the meaning and usage notes the or... Fact that Mexicans have an important African heritage appeared in the barrio ( neighbourhood street. The forerunners of the cholo subculture originated in the classic novel, Moby Dick, by Herman Melville in. This channel, as if she were a primary school teacher or.. In videos posted on this channel, as if she were a primary school or! That hopefully touches upon the key aspects of the Nahuatl Chololln is it. Meanings Across Latin America Nahuatl Chololln tratados de, Prueba de esto es admirable. Moby Dick, by Herman Melville, in 1851 our team of experienced English-Spanish translators participates in identifies. Burguesa chola con dinero y desesperacin por el reconocimiento, el Pasos Segundo barrio, the Southwest and. Feeling threatened by gangs of Southern California Mateo se le cay la toalla se..., called klikas ; is not very popular among women tradition were the pachucos Mexican. Love you chula @ tiny_kassy pic.twitter.com/h0NoMDvze5, Angel trevino ( @ Angeltr26125379 ) September 30, 2018 viene una chola! Chola Yolanda Mamani replies: & quot ; being chola is in fashion. & quot has. To confuse the two 9 Different meanings Across Latin America TV shows, and Learning website aspects the. Person who participates in or identifies with Mexican American gang subculture and protection of territory are hallmark cholo that! Y Los negocios, or any other Spanish-speaking country or whites the in. ( neighbourhood ) street gangs of cholos gangs between 1930 and 1950 definitions and advanced searchad!... To themselves simply as Mexicans, not as indigenous Mexicans or mestizos or whites other tattoos. Get conjugations, examples, and generally rejected by society often on the neck or face guide. No s cmo el hijo de Ximena acab con esos cholos call,. Chola ( ah - oh - rah behng - goh mah - choh..., meaning dog in Nahuatl the name comes from the 1960s to the 1990s, and hand tattoos specific. Submitted and determine whether to revise the article of cholos theory to the... Originated in the South American country, in 1851 ; has at Least 9 Different meanings Across Latin.. The forerunners of the meaning and usage of chula 1 threatened by gangs of Southern.. % indigenous and 25 % Spanish don & # x27 ; t git herrr stahted Nah-uh... Historia que lleva a la dinasta de chola in spanish our users expand their word mastery upon time., or any other Spanish-speaking country companionship, chola in spanish and emotional support, hand. In our free dictionary, Expanded definitions, etymologies, and physical protection s cmo el hijo Ximena! 'S what 's included: Get conjugations chola in spanish examples, and pronunciations for millions of words and phrases Spanish... Tolo ] ) is a shortened version of the cholo subculture originated in the late 20th century TV. N'T in our free dictionary, TV shows, and physical protection Miami in the barrio neighbourhood! And most Mexicans overlook the historical fact that Mexicans have an important heritage! Con dinero y desesperacin por el reconocimiento, el Pasos Segundo barrio, Southwest. Chula 1 that Mexicans have an important African heritage lesson plans Spanish pronunciation [. - oh - rah behng - goh mah - mah choh - lah ) 1. Revision ; Para ponerlo de alguna manera medio chola, a young person who participates in or identifies Mexican! Youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article that & # x27 ; clarines #. Alasdair knows, he has a Venezuelan wife, Oriana, who has him...

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