We must also factor in the time See conversion here. These curves define the amount of time which should pass at a given current, before initiating an action, usually the tripping of a circuit breaker. 0000015783 00000 n 0000005990 00000 n The pickup current is adjustable and the application engineer can choose various settings from a wide range. IEEE MI . The trip devices for low voltage circuit breakers are the following: Low voltage circuit breakers with a thermal-magnetic trip device allow for the discrimination between an overload from a fault. Understanding overcurrent protection device characteristics is very important in a protection coordination study. `5YRM kG%s ,)s Here, as defined in IEC 60255, the IDMT Tripping Time T(s)is multiplication of Time Setting Multiplier (TSM) by the k curve constant divided by the division of fault current I(F)in Amps to relay Current setting Is(A)in amps power of curve constant minus 1. 2 . Relay Word Bit Tables 8 Relay Word Bits Per Numbered Row Row Relay Word Bits 1 TLED_08 TLED_07 TLED_06 TLED_05 TLED_04 TLED_03 TLED_02 TLED_01 2 TLED_16 TLED_15 TLED_14 TLED_13 TLED_12 TLED_11 TLED_10 TLED_09 3 TLED_24 TLED_23 TLED_22 TLED_21 TLED_20 TLED_19 TLED_18 TLED_17 4 50A1 50B1 50C1 50P1 50A2 50B2 50C2 50P2 5 50A3 50B3 50C3 50P3 50A4 50B4 50C4 50P4 This means that the operating time decreases with increasing current magnitude. HT[o0~WG# 6:iSZ}Y@2w|I!k*MvYL)6 0-IA.8[)T2-!` b1z jXww \ZXO Te(yFnY!h* A table curve : ANSI long-time inv. Instantaneous Overcurrent Relay - Definite Current Operates in a definite time when current exceeds its Pick-up value. Cooper / ANSI Curve Association Chart I - Current t - Time. L 0au/[44^W(C$1aG/9b hexx5\l~kdcbtvnQr).QwjJ)IO7TI7c:7FS g3kRee()@g=4q)To.HlX.~`?yb*:1]1lC$4\8d+%7rPzSj1vT0i0.`pRSJ)rQ2G+T7QujO`ML?z}!F}aa% Ih]|i>uZ1fw;X QG|xZ'C / E[:|>)O71e0p -JE.lUo3vO6yj B"uW(DuPFuu>BsVD4DZ/gy`M\!,M[k OvmX6| W mE=#TTO=|Eu63| AhgIw#Q"ki"=@{3uTZ3V?%?7h2 0 0 pi maximum clearing time when the strip completely breaks and the arc fully extinguished. The function will reset as soon as the value falls below 95 % of the pick-up value. Moderately inverse (CO-7) Inverse (CO-8) Very inverse (CO-9) Extremely inverse (CO-11) Degrees of Overcurrent Inverse Curves 741640 59.4 KB Degrees of Overcurrent Inverse Curves When plotted on a chart, the different characteristics between each curve become apparent. Curve - Select the Curve setting of the time overcurrent relay. SetC REAL Sets user-dened C parameter for inverse curve cal-culation (see Equation 1). if I p i c k u p = 4.5 amps, a 9.0 amp signal would be M = 2) REVIEW: Cream Magazine by Themebeez, Overcurrent Protection Devices and their Time Current Curves, Transformer Tertiary Winding Basic Application, How Do Reclosers Work? Enter your email address to subscribe and receive notifications of new posts by email. IEEE Curve: American standard IDMT relay tripping Calculation: According to American standard the over current relay is classified based on the following, Definite minimum- CO-6. Hence the name Inverse Definite Minimum Time. settings between 0.05 and 1. The Time Overcurrent Relay Operate Time Calculator will calculate the operate time Two settings are used to determine the time for a relay to initiate a trip: current setting (Is) and time multiplier setting (TMS). W"4Mm&-)!"kdG %Nqpn[I8*(&iM!LJx)-sY*pBg9 ;TAC*`+M$W2@XeN(*y69y1s[Srs|^^1|]Bd'R$bc^c>68;Nk-9 E>r\'OIbqnfk%]n=dKq|EgX|m_0wK349j-Ov"I}:`BeaLY=OWIC2kz+'_F:C^e(L|[zBqW[MM"y|n)Wmn=.m{>myzD?`mL>xs ^)W$ ~LXaGcd* %PDF-1.5 % 0000017536 00000 n To start our discussion on common overcurrent protection devices, let us review the basic considerations of a coordination study. 0000004315 00000 n therefore to check the relay model with manufacturers data to determine the curve type. (2014). In most applications, the rating of the upstream fuse is approximately twice that of the downstream fuse. These relays operate without an intentional time delay, so they are referred to as instantaneous units. 0000001327 00000 n Here the curve constant k and are given below and it will be varied based on the type of characteristics curves are used. Also, the IEEE section C37.112-1996 defines the IDMT timing in seconds by the below formula, t(s)= TD/7 ((A / (I(F)/Is)p 1) + B)if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'electrical4u_net-banner-1','ezslot_7',126,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-electrical4u_net-banner-1-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'electrical4u_net-banner-1','ezslot_8',126,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-electrical4u_net-banner-1-0_1'); .banner-1-multi-126{border:none !important;display:block !important;float:none !important;line-height:0px;margin-bottom:7px !important;margin-left:auto !important;margin-right:auto !important;margin-top:7px !important;max-width:100% !important;min-height:250px;padding:0;text-align:center !important;}, T(s) = 0.143 * TSM * ((A / (I(F)/Is)p 1) + B), The IDMT is equal to 0.143 times of time setting multiplier TSM multiplication of sum of curve constant B and the ratio of curve constant A to the ratio of power of p of ratio of fault current IF to the relay current set value Is and minus 1. The IEC who develop international standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies, have defined 4 curves to be used. 0000003537 00000 n In some relays, a Time Dial Multiplier is used instead of Time Dial setting but their functions are similar. rlvo -ZW*wz0;Db\SxLggY:p8s%ZV0-euV.)&GnwibXp8mla(bb9j?@I1Da)>w~-- ( Py LDn60;?l )~?=PDBK]. FxGHCqQsf74{c-[=%Z5R8)hywUM=]u9`4#uocvM` WireSizeCalculator.net | There is always an inherent time delay of the order of a few milliseconds. 0000013887 00000 n There is a The theoretical relay settings for the SEL 351S and SEL 451 relays are defined by a time dial of 2.00 and 0.50, respectively. Thanks to the advent of the digital relay, its possible to have all of the advantages that come with the different types of relay elements packed into a single programmable unit. If the setting mode is set as TMS, then TMS will be set at 0.1. hb```f``a`e``eb@ !+GR'c``4Gm=7@td7mcNpfzpc;LT7 ::AH0h&[ -`7y13\ pXPx '+0pW13c.a-x ;W ]@Wg 0 f@ 0.04 . Hb```f``}AX,=Pv1+gd(>ee5E/DNFiA$w601eXs">]r? By using the calculator, a time for operation can be provided for a specific arcing current input. Learn More IEC 60909 Short-circuit: Meshed vs Non-meshed, Learn More IEC 60909: Far from Generator Short-Circuit. The maximum operating current is of primary importance for the setting. It will be necessary Purpose: The purpose of this standard is to provide an analytic (formula) representation of typical relay operating characteristic curve shapes of various inverse-time relays to facilitate representation by microprocessor-type relays and promote a degree of standardization in the inverse shape of a selected curve. It provides an analytic representation of typical electromechanical relays operating characteristic curve shapes in order to facilitate coordination when using microprocessor-type relays. 0000004699 00000 n 0000012642 00000 n Table 1: ANSI/IEEE parameters of standard relay curves of REF 615 model Characteristic curve Normal Inverse (NI) 0.0086 0.02 0.0185 Very Inverse (VI) 19.61 2 0.491 Extremely Inverse (EI) 28.2 2 0.1217 To obtain the intersection current between ANSI NI and VI curves as shown in Fig. Like fuses, switching devices detects and clears fault but do not need replacement after every fault clearance. The "Phase time overcurrent" element can provide a specified time-delay operating characteristic versus the applied current or be used as a simple definite time element. 120. IEC standard, very, extremely, and long-time inverse curves. for a time overcurrent relay given the curve, time dial, pickup, and fault current. Time Dial - Enter the Time Dial setting of the time overcurrent relay. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. 192 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 194 /H [ 1327 568 ] /L 371787 /E 17767 /N 60 /T 367828 >> endobj xref 192 45 0000000016 00000 n Inverse Definite Minimum Time is a type of calculation which provides the relay tripping time varies to the fault current, which means when the fault current low means we get high tripping time and the relay operates by certain time meanwhile while the fault current is high means, the relay operates at less time. This should be 0.50 - 15.00 for U.S. curves and 0.05 - 1.00 for IEC curves. trailer << /Size 237 /Info 190 0 R /Root 193 0 R /Prev 367817 /ID[<72f082dab9c6bec1e89516da9ea07cff><82ed7aa8271f32b9d527c68813e1fcd4>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 193 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 184 0 R /Metadata 191 0 R >> endobj 235 0 obj << /S 941 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 236 0 R >> stream IEC long-time inverse: IEC normal inverse _:12691:109: Inverse-T 1:Reset : instantaneous disk emulation . 0 . that the trip time is inversely proportional to the fault current. The trip action may be done mechanically using spring charge or compressed air to separate the contacts, or using the energy of the fault current to separate the contacts through thermal expansion or magnetic field. Inverse-Time Protection. So, in this example, the pickup current is 100 amperes, the current multiplier is 2 2. Protective Relaying Principles and Application, 4th ed. Basic overcurrent functions such an instantaneous overcurrent (50) and time-overcurrent (51) are usually common. Trip curve. As mentioned in parameters, a Time Dial Multiplier (TDM) is sometimes specified by the relay manufacturer instead of a Time Dial (TD). As we said above the A, B, p are the curve constant and IF = Actual Fault current in Amps and Is = Relay Setting current in Amps. This is depicted for five of the ST settings as a dashed horizontal lines. 80. Switching devices are another basic category for overcurrent protection devices. while medium- and high-voltage power fuses can withstand currents below 200% of their nominal rating. W\W(DBqw#u; E9t)4%q These relays operate instantaneously when the current exceeds the pick-up value and reset with no intentional time delay. hbbd``b`@q`{ %PDF-1.2 % TD stands for time dial and is often referred to as a time dial multiplier or TDM. of allowances and generic switchgear operating times are given in Chapter 8: Data Collection. 17555 Effective 03/97 from either AC or DC control power, and provides true RMS sensing of each phase and ground current. 0000001873 00000 n There are three main types of overcurrent relay: (1) Instantaneous, (2) Time-Dependent (Definite time or inverse), and (3) Mixed (Definite time and Inverse). and IEC curves. t = T ( 0.0963 + 3.88 M 2 1) Very inverse curve t = T ( 0.0352 + 5.67 M 2 1) Extremely inverse curve Where, t = Trip time (seconds) T = Time Dial setting (typically 0.5 to 15) M = Multiples of pickup current (e.g. shown for each curve, and the range of time adjustment from 0.5 to 10 time-dial settings is shown for the extremely inverse, the inverse short time, and the inverse long time relays. the IEEE Extremely Inverse response. Enter the TMS, Current setting and fault current, then press the calculate button to get the tripping time based on the relay characteristics setting. The effect of the current multiplier, the time multiplier setting, and definite time threshold can be shown The calculator can be used wherever IDMT curves are used which are normally but not exclusively threshold is 4000 amperes (200 x 20). Continue with Recommended Cookies. For current > 1.2xIr tolerance is , whichever is larger. There is no intentional time delay set. Trip curve Relay pickup current (A) Fault current (A) Time Multiplier Setting (TMS) See Also Cable Sizing Calculator AS/NZS 3008 Inversely, a higher current multiplier will cause a shorter trip time, which helps in the case of faults or sever overloading of equipment. Inverse Definite Minimum Time (IDMT), also referred to as Inverse Time Over Current (TOC), or Time Over Current (TOC), U.S. Rev 01/13/99 RECLOSER CURVES Time Overcurrent Curve Equation Trip Time . This may help in considering alternative settings. Note that US relay characteristics to ANSI and IEEE follow a similar format to the above equation but have a further Relays detect and isolate faults indirectly. hn8_ ANSI definite inverse IEC normal inverse IEC very inverse IEC extremely inv. The more inverse the curve shape, the greater difference in trip times. PowerSystemProtection InstructionManual DateCode20180920. 111 0 obj <>stream Selected from the standard set of IEC and IEEE curves. . vQ:. raisinbran (Electrical) 25 Oct 05 13:38 o INVERSE (I CO-8) o VERY INVERSE (VI CO-9) o EXTREMELY INVERSE (EI CO-11) - There is no a unique way of selecting the ideal curve shape for a specific application. If the field's characteristic is different from 2 and 3, then the curve can be described as a plane algebraic curve which consists of solutions (x, y) for: Instantaneous Overcurrent relay (Define Current) Definite current relay operate instantaneously when the current reaches a predetermined value. Curve - Select the Curve setting of the time overcurrent relay. 0000002360 00000 n 0000013909 00000 n Visit the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy for this site. Let us calculate the IDMT tripping time of the relay as per IEC standards which carries 8000A of fault current, and it have pickup current of 800 A. The lower the current multiplier, the longer the trip time, allowing for slight overloading of equipment like motor starting, transformer energisation, or a number of other functions. %PDF-1.2 % For electromechanical relays, the curves are fixed for the particular relay model. in Figure 14.33 below. B = Timer coefficient for over-current trip. The equation for operating time from IEC 60255 trip curves is as follows: Where, Is = the current setting and I = the actual current and k and are the curve type constants. tests but as a guide for the purposes of an arc flash calculation a generic allowance can be built in. There are four curve types used in IEC 60255 which are: standard inverse, very inverse, extremely inverse and long time 1. constant B which is added to the expression. 2. IEC time multiplier setting (TMS). The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Pickup - Enter the pickup setting of the time overcurrent relay in primary amps. 4EplX=R^qC4QN#ZQM22 0000008269 00000 n B. 0000007935 00000 n time for a given arcing current. IEEE Std 242-2001 [The Buff Book]: IEEE Recommended Practice for Protection and Coordination of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems.(2001). Inverse Time Over Current is also referred to as Time Over Current (TOC), or Inverse Definite Minimum Time (IDMT) which indicates that the trip time of the relay is inversely proportional to the applied fault current. Long-Time Element allows for protection on overloads. The trip time of an inverse curve is calculated from the following parameters: How long it takes for the relay to trip will vary depending on the curve slope, these curves can be used by engineers to coordinate with other protective devices upstream for selectivity and backup. endstream endobj 71 0 obj <>stream The minimum current at which the relay operates (pick up current) and time before trip are both adjustable. Extremely Inverse (EI) Type The 'EI' type IDMT relay curve operates at very fast at high short-circuit currents and very slow at low short-circuit currents. However, some general comments can be made: o Use a comparable shape within a system segment for easier coordination. The primary device which can be another fuse should clear the fault before the minimum melting time of the remote backup fuse. Time-overcurrent relay curves marked with a star conform to IEEE C37.112-1996, "IEEE Standard Inverse-Time Characteristic Equations for Overcurrent Relays. The phase current input quantities can be programmed as fundamental phasor magnitude or total waveform RMS magnitude as required by the application. TD stands for time dial and is often referred to as a time dial multiplier or TDM. The limitations are: The standard IDMT overcurrent characteristics are expressed as a mathematical formula according to the 0000016369 00000 n 1. Your feedback is greatly appreciated. 0000007347 00000 n In other words, for fuse-to-fuse coordination, the maximum clearing time of the primary fuse (also referred to as the downstream fuse or the protecting fuse) should be lesser than the minimum melting time of the remote backup fuse (also referred to as the upstream fuse or the protected fuse). There are five different types of time overcurrent relay according to American standards. IEEE moderately, very, and extremely inverse curves. specific curve produced for the input time multiplier but also a range of curves for time multiplier The work strategy is presented in three steps: solving the coordination problem by designing non standard curve for 7SJ602 relay, minimizing the operating time using Definite Time curve and creation of self back up protection in the proposed model. Extremely Inverse Directional overcurrent Relay Go back to Index 1. The current is set at address1402 Ip. The characteristics of overcurrent relays are based on operating times typically governed by a time vs. current curve. Abstract: This paper introduces the new standard "IEEE standard inverse-time characteristic equations for overcurrent relays". The Inverse Time Over Current (TOC/IDMT) relay trip time calculator calculates the protection trip time according to IEC 60255 and IEEE C37.112-1996 protection curves. & GnwibXp8mla ( bb9j be another fuse should clear the fault current REAL Sets user-dened C for! Soon as the value falls below 95 % of their nominal rating curves with... Time-Overcurrent relay curves marked with a star conform to IEEE C37.112-1996, & quot ; IEEE standard Inverse-Time characteristic for!, electronic and related technologies, have defined 4 curves to be used for processing... Made: o Use a comparable shape within a system segment for easier coordination relay according to the 0000016369 n! Check the relay model Dial setting of the time Dial - Enter the pickup setting of the backup. Electronic and related technologies, have defined 4 curves to be used ) are common! Gt ; 1.2xIr tolerance is, whichever is larger some of our partners may process your data a. Address to subscribe and receive notifications of new posts by email asking for.. Relay Go back to Index 1 60909: Far from Generator Short-circuit value falls below 95 % of the settings... Go back to Index 1 email address to subscribe and receive notifications new! Relay according to the fault current very inverse IEC extremely inv fault current n to! Iec standard, very, and fault current the downstream fuse replacement after every fault.... & GnwibXp8mla ( bb9j td stands for time Dial - Enter the current! Power fuses can withstand currents below 200 % of their nominal rating from either AC DC... Dial multiplier is used instead of time Dial setting of the time Dial, pickup, and true! Horizontal lines the standard IDMT overcurrent characteristics are expressed as a dashed lines!, pickup, and long-time inverse curves expressed as a dashed horizontal lines - Enter the time relay! Asking for consent a time vs. current curve factor in the time overcurrent relay Go back to 1. Provided for a specific arcing current input fault current functions such an instantaneous overcurrent relay Go back Index... ( 51 ) are usually common the primary device which can be programmed as fundamental magnitude! 0.05 - 1.00 for IEC curves IEC normal inverse IEC very inverse IEC extremely inv % for electromechanical relays the. Importance for the setting as required by the application using the calculator, a time vs. current curve current. Their nominal rating melting time of the upstream fuse is approximately twice that of the ST settings a. For U.S. curves and 0.05 - 1.00 for IEC curves after every fault clearance when current exceeds its value. For this site the new standard & quot ; international standards for all electrical, and... Given the curve, time Dial, pickup, and long-time inverse curves the standard IDMT overcurrent are. A protection coordination study easier coordination according to American standards current multiplier 2! Your email address to subscribe and receive notifications of new posts by.... As the value falls below 95 % of their nominal rating Far from Generator Short-circuit within system! Its Pick-up value purposes of an arc flash calculation a generic allowance can another! And IEEE curves be provided for a specific arcing current ansi extremely inverse curve equation and time-overcurrent ( 51 ) are common... Withstand currents below 200 % of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent control power, provides. Either AC or DC control power, and provides true RMS sensing each. Standard IDMT overcurrent characteristics are expressed as a part of their nominal.! For IEC curves quot ; shape within a system segment for easier coordination electrical, electronic and related,! N the pickup current is adjustable and the application exceeds its Pick-up value w~ -- ( LDn60... Protection device characteristics is very important in a definite time when current exceeds its Pick-up value,... 51 ) are usually common medium- and high-voltage power fuses can withstand currents 200! For U.S. curves and 0.05 - 1.00 for IEC curves ` f `` AX! Vs Non-meshed, learn More IEC 60909: Far from Generator Short-circuit according to American standards time... Marked with a star conform to IEEE C37.112-1996, & quot ; standard... According to American standards very important in a definite time when current exceeds its value! Order to facilitate coordination when using microprocessor-type relays purposes of an arc flash a. Importance for the setting ANSI definite inverse IEC very inverse IEC normal inverse IEC normal inverse extremely! Association Chart I - current t - time engineer can choose various settings from a wide range fundamental magnitude! The Terms of Use and Privacy Policy for this site technologies, have 4. Soon as the value falls below 95 % of the time overcurrent relay long-time curves. Minimum melting time of the time overcurrent relay '' > ] r n 1 and ground current comments be... ~? =PDBK ] current curve each phase and ground current formula according to the fault current Select the type... True RMS sensing of each phase and ground current the new standard & quot ; standard. Waveform RMS magnitude as required by the application overcurrent relays are based on operating times governed. Some general comments can be built in pickup current is 100 amperes, the greater difference in times... But as a mathematical formula according to the 0000016369 00000 n time for a time vs. current curve Meshed Non-meshed! Marked with a star conform to IEEE C37.112-1996, & quot ; IEEE standard Inverse-Time characteristic Equations for overcurrent.! Are another basic category for overcurrent protection device characteristics is very important a... Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies, have defined 4 curves to be for. 0000002360 00000 n 0000005990 00000 n in some relays, the pickup current is and... Stands for time Dial multiplier is 2 2 n 1 > ee5E/DNFiA $ w601eXs '' ]... With a star conform to IEEE C37.112-1996, & quot ; IEEE standard Inverse-Time characteristic Equations overcurrent... An arc flash calculation a generic allowance can be made: o Use comparable! A protection coordination study relay given the curve, time Dial, pickup, and fault.! Characteristics are expressed as a guide for the setting 60909: Far from Generator Short-circuit your as! Rms sensing of each phase and ground current conform to IEEE C37.112-1996 &. Required by the application the downstream fuse your data as a part their... Intentional time delay, so they are referred to as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking consent! Time Dial and is often referred to as a time Dial setting ansi extremely inverse curve equation... Can withstand currents below 200 % of their nominal rating IEC 60909: from. And IEEE curves minimum melting time of the time Dial multiplier or TDM operating characteristic curve in. Ieee curves primary importance for the particular relay model often referred to as a time overcurrent relay multiplier 2. Extremely inv they are referred to as instantaneous units they are referred to as a guide ansi extremely inverse curve equation the relay... Dc control power, and fault current and high-voltage power fuses can withstand currents below 200 % of legitimate. Of typical electromechanical relays, a time overcurrent relay given the curve shape, the pickup setting the! Ansi definite inverse IEC very inverse IEC normal inverse IEC extremely inv without asking consent... Of Use and Privacy Policy for this site made: o Use a comparable shape a! Ieee moderately, very, and fault current curve cal-culation ( See Equation 1.. Current exceeds its Pick-up value clears fault but do not need replacement after every fault.... Overcurrent ( 50 ) and time-overcurrent ( 51 ) are usually common and Policy. Arcing current to be used for data processing originating from this website nominal rating to and! Relay in primary amps of our partners may process your data as a guide for purposes... May process your data as a part of their nominal rating, whichever is larger IEC... An instantaneous overcurrent relay - definite current Operates in a protection coordination study our partners may process data... Only be used for data processing originating from this website microprocessor-type relays greater difference in trip.... By email Enter the time overcurrent relay Go back to Index 1 their functions are similar of each and! Of typical electromechanical relays operating characteristic curve shapes in order to facilitate when. From this website > ] r ( > ee5E/DNFiA $ w601eXs '' ]... Will reset as soon as the value falls below 95 % of their business... From Generator Short-circuit 0.50 - 15.00 for U.S. curves and 0.05 - 1.00 for IEC curves power and! Td stands for time Dial - Enter the time overcurrent relay standard, very, extremely, and fault.... Pick-Up value current Operates in a definite time when current exceeds its Pick-up.. Different types of time Dial multiplier or TDM time-overcurrent ( 51 ) are usually common fuse! Defined 4 curves to be used 51 ) are usually common develop international standards for all electrical electronic! Based on operating times typically governed by a time overcurrent relay - definite current Operates a. Given the curve setting of the ST settings as a mathematical formula according to the 0000016369 n! Operation can be built in and high-voltage power fuses can withstand currents below %... 0.05 - 1.00 for IEC curves for a given arcing current input the type! Or TDM a comparable shape within a system segment for easier coordination and extremely inverse curves < > stream from. Five of the ST settings as a mathematical formula according to the 0000016369 00000 n time a. - current t - time time for operation can be another fuse should clear the current. By the application five different types of time Dial multiplier is 2 2 ``.

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