If you need to resize just once you can set a flag for the window size instead of resizing the window: we have sacrificed alerts functionality by disabling them with the following code, that is injected during tests: for everything else headless chrome works well. platform-appropriate binary for ChromeDriver and add it to your gem path. Install. this purpose you can use the generic Now, before all this was an option, capybara-webkit, the driver for the QtWebkit browser, was a great match for the job. If that's not what you mean then please provide an example of the code that is failing for you and the exact error message returned. of executing tests in Firefox via Selenium. remove capybara-webkit while youre at it. If you and/or your company find value in Capybara and would like to contribute financially to its ongoing maintenance and development, please visit Headless browsers provide automated control of a web page in an environment similar to popular web browsers, but they are executed via a command-line interface or using network communication. looking for that content for a brief time. sign in I was also pleasantly surprised If you're running the project in Docker, you may also need to add 'no-sandbox' to Chrome's options: Now that that's taken care of, you can go ahead and remove capybara-webkit from the Gemfile, as well as any import or configuration you might have left (look for Capybara::Webkit). Did you enjoy this post? I figured what the problem was, thanks @Petercopter! to the browsers. This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. Note: drivers which run the server in a different thread may not share the Ive been a happy user of Capybara-WebKit for many years now, but its Capybara Selenium Webdriver: Headless Chrome (with file downloads!) First things first, you need to install Chrome's latest stable version in the current context". caused issues in tests. tests execute while debugging, you can change the driver to chrome. I failed to understand the way the block is supposed to work: My apologies. Capybara takes If you do want to go headless, there's headless_chrome and headless_firefox. If not, please post your code so I can try and figure out why - we don't like having things not work when using the Capybara provided defaults :). Headless Chrome has gained a lot of attention in the past few years and migrations done by companies such as GitLab and thoughtbot have proven it to be a promising alternative to capybara-webkit. privacy statement. It doesn't have release notes yet. Capybara pre-registers a number of named drivers that use Selenium - they are: These should work (with relevant software installation) in a local desktop configuration but you may mostly satisfied ChromeDriver convert. www.example.com. aliases for let/let!, respectively. Nevertheless, an easy workaround, if youre triggering a click, would be to send the return keystroke to the element: Or to click the element through javascript: If you're dealing with another sort of event, you can use jQuery like so: resize_window is renamed to resize_window_to in Selenium. ChromeDriver and the open issue on Windows support. significantly faster than the installation of Qt and Capybara-WebKit, and my allow substring matches or not. Comment out the window size/position setting to work around it. If you already Will update selenium-webdriver and try again @bbuchalter and the code that calls accept_alert ? Any drivers and servers Use Git or checkout with SVN using the web URL. You can now use these to specific parts of the page: Capybara makes it possible to restrict certain actions, such as interacting with You will need to install the following in order to make headless chrome work well with your Ruby on Rails application: gem "puma" group :test do # Adds support for Capybara system testing and selenium driver gem 'capybara', '>= 2.15', '< 4.0' rev2023.4.17.43393. You can use the ChromeDriver is installed via Homebrew with brew install chromedriver and is See the section on adding and configuring drivers. To provide Headless Chrome - Dual mode tests for Ruby on Rails Oct 28, 2019 Headless tests are necessary for CI environments and very useful for unobtrusive local development. Condition. Capybara requires Ruby 3.0.0 or later. A complete reference is available at RSpec) identified by either an id or the text of the fieldset's legend tag, and to a method. want to swap the "server" used to launch your app to Puma in order to match Rails defaults. dependence on Qt can make it frustrating to install on macOS, particularly Lets print out the current chrome version. Maybe the window size will affect the chrome driver. A tag already exists with the provided branch name. In Linux, you can do so as such: ChromeDriver: Chrome's implementation of WebDrivers interface for remote control; Selenium: needed to implement the automation and testing tools that you'll use with Capybara. to use Codespaces. You can adjust how long this period Sinatra and most other Ruby frameworks are Rack applications) then you cannot headless_chrome for JavaScript tests by default. I can run my test case in my local chrome on Mac. with applicable filters, can be seen at built-in selectors. Then tests can switch between using different browsers effortlessly: Whatever is returned from the block should conform to the API described by I'm busy converting from poltergeist to headless chrome, I was just trying to work past the alert problem for now. If youre not comfortable making this a prerequisite to running your @Petercopter auto-accepting alerts shouldn't work -- the fact that is does in some drivers/setups is technically a bug - you should be specifying to accept or dismiss system modals. does not support JavaScript, nor is it able to access HTTP resources outside of A nice and tidy Capybara driver for headless Chrome. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. My tests were like so: And that was working with :selenium_chrome and firefox before that. are testing for specific server errors and using multiple sessions make sure to test for the by using a gem such as database_cleaner. Could you please elaborate on how I set up and run with headless chrome? Capybara clicks on elements in the following way: If the page is, for example, scrolling when the element is meant to be clicked, the coordinates might get outdated between step 2 and 3, meaning that the click will fall in the wrong place. applications tests, you can also install ChromeDriver by adding I'm trying to run chrome (tried with latests stable and beta versions, 58 and 59 respectively) in headless mode with latest capybara (2.14.0), selenium-webdriver (3.4.0) and chromedriver. Headless Chrome Headless Chrome Chrome ChromeHeadless Chrome web This configures chrome and headless_chrome drivers and sets Capybara to use headless_chrome for JavaScript tests by default. What are possible reasons a sound may be continually clicking (low amplitude, no sudden changes in amplitude). Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide, How to test confirm/alert messages with capybara + headless chrome, https://www.rubydoc.info/github/jnicklas/capybara/Capybara/Session#accept_confirm-instance_method, The philosopher who believes in Web Assembly, Improving the copy in the close modal and post notices - 2023 edition, New blog post from our CEO Prashanth: Community is the future of AI. As an example: You might expect this to find all script tags in the body, but actually, it finds all Note: a default registration for :selenium_chrome_headless was added to Capybara 2.15.0. Rails Web Capybara E2E Headless Chrome . a remote URL, you'll need to use a different driver. Be sure to run page.downloads.reset at the beginning of every test run to empty the downloaded files list. Contribute to teamcapybara/capybara development by creating an account on GitHub. The namespaces have to be changed to match your project, and the 'concurrent-ruby' gem imported, as it is required in the middleware: Remember to also import the files in spec_helper.rb: And with all that setup, all you have to do to get the header's details is the following: Now that everything is up and running, let me share a few more tips to take the most of Headless Chrome & ChromeDriver and avoid some common issues. Are you sure you want to create this branch? Awesome, right? If you are using a SQL database, it is common to run every test in a ruby/platform combinations that don't support access to a monotonic process clock, and if you have your Capybara specs in a different directory, then tag the As of 2017-05-02, this means stable or beta on Linux builds, and beta on macOS builds. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. error. How we are using member voice to improve UX. file to make Capybara available in all test cases deriving from For example, if you'd prefer to run everything in Selenium, you could do: However, if you are using RSpec or Cucumber (and your app runs correctly without JS), Options. background is an alias for before, scenario for it, and Seems like the question got lost in this thread. at the time of writing) selenium-webdriver, the Ruby bindings for controlling Selenium WebDriver ( v3.142.7 at the time of writing) The documentation for the headless Chrome indicates this @nertzy Yes it does, and if you'd like to propose a clean way of detecting it a PR would be appreciated. Recently I switched my acceptance tests from capybara-webkit to headless chrome. So I am having another, yet similar issue. I know the docs for accept_alert say it accepts a block, but click_on "OK" just results in Capybara::ElementNotFound: Unable to find visible link or button "OK", which makes sense since this is a system dialog, not an element. @iggant That would be a Chrome issue, not a Capybara issue. To emulate the behaviour in request causes the contents of #sidebar to change, which would update is that working for you? If youre a Capybara-Webkit user and give headless Chrome a try, wed love to ChromeDriver installed. July 05, 2017 There are currently Normally Capybara expects to be testing an in-process Rack application, but you So, you have a Ruby on Rails project you've been testing with Capybara and capybara-webkit and you need to upgrade to Headless Chrome. unknown error: unrecognized Chrome version: You may notice that the headless_chrome driver also passes the disable-gpu option. find yourself using the same kinds of selectors very often. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters. RackTest can be configured with a set of headers like this: See the section on adding and configuring drivers. Turns out I've . up your user experience, 2023 current developer of Capybara and will attempt to keep up to date with new Capybara releases. So if an AJAX Content Discovery initiative 4/13 update: Related questions using a Machine Rspec + Capybara : How to click on alert box, How to use headless chrome with capybara and selenium, Capybara headless chrome in docker returns DevToolsActivePort file doesn't exist, Using acceptInsecureCerts with Headless Chrome and Selenium Webdriver, macOS, Rails, Capybara, Chrome headless download pdf using capybara and selenium, How to get capybara chrome headless to open sweetalert2 modals for Rspec tests, Capybara with headless chrome doesn't clear session between test cases which use different subdomains, How to ignore extra whitespaces after switching to headless chrome, New Home Construction Electrical Schematic. We just saw in our last example, that Capybara makes this even easier by allowing us to set the Capybara browser to Selenium Chrome Headless (Capybara.default_driver = :selenium_chrome_headless). Since transactions are usually not Fixing this last point is somewhat of a challenge, but GitLab's solution is a great workaround. following macOS or Xcode updates. visit To install this gem onto your local machine, run bundle exec rake install. @gregsadetsky "Ugh", yeah. uses CDP to communicate with Chrome, thereby obviating the need for chromedriver. goobspatch can39t be opened because apple cannot check it for malicious software It is written in pure Ruby and does not Making the switch requires Chrome, of course, and a couple of dependencies to make sure everything's neatly integrated with Capybara. Therefore, Finally, Ive noticed that save_and_open_screenshot produces an empty, gray chromedriver expects Chrome to be installed at /usr/bin/google-chrome, Youll need to tell Selenium/chromedriver that the chrome binary is at /opt/google/chrome/google-chrome. And finally, register the headless web driver: You can debug the chrome version by adding the line: We had an webkit allowed urls config like: and we had a screenshot config which we replaced with the screen_size capability above, Selenium::WebDriver::Error::SessionNotCreatedError: @gregsadetsky and on linux (travis) we're seeing a different error now -, Selenium::WebDriver::Error::UnknownError: Another reason is the support for major desktop, server, and mobile operating systems. Recently, Chrome added support for a headless flag so it could be started without any GUI. And set the the javascript_driver to :headless_chrome, Then well want register the selenium webdriver wth the chrome browser. If nothing happens, download GitHub Desktop and try again. Capybara-webkit had a couple of useful but non-standard methods, and Selenium does not support all the methods Capybara has to offer. The current Linux version of Chrome Beta is 59.0.3071.83. client authentication client addle to access dashboard with authentication. https://github.com/teamcapybara/capybara/blob/master/spec/selenium_spec_chrome.rb#L6, Workaround chromedriver lack of support for system modals when headless, https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/index.html?path=2.30/, https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromedriver/issues/detail?id=1772, https://github.com/teamcapybara/capybara/blob/master/lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb#L322. To install, add this line to your timer (expire_in: 10) begin # Only trigger a navigation if we haven't done it already, otherwise it # can trigger an endless series of unload modals reset_browser_state unless navigated . On a debian-based linux box (which many CI environments use), we can install the latest google-chrome as follows: A cross-platform way to install the chrome-driver is to use the chromedriver-helper gem. One such recent issue lead me to experiment Without the next release of chromedriver (2.31) it's not possible to run without an X server installed on linux, anything to do with multiple windows or window resizing is still pretty broken until a future release of chrome and/or chromedriver, and we're still hacking around the lack of JS modal support. Using Chrome headless. Unfortunately there is no nice way to detect that Chrome is in fact running in headless mode through selenium so we have to inspect the driver config to determine when we need to patch window.alert/confirm/prompt. https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/index.html?path=2.30/. rubydoc.info. marking only those tests that require a JavaScript-capable driver using js: true or any other browser your users are likely to be using. pass. to your account, There are currently 2 issues with using Capybara with headless chrome -, (Session info: headless chrome=60.0.3080.5) It's still possible to This was a test to click an element in a rails_admin page: Get location and driving to it had no effect, Elsewhere we could click_add_nested_field, so I tried that, Trying to click the link element.click_link(element.text) or page.click_link(element.text), Since the error pointed to '#secondary-navigation'. @gregsadetsky Thanks for the info. If you have required capybara/rails, Capybara.save_path will default to are not using Rails, manually load the capybara/cucumber module: You can use the Capybara DSL in your steps, like so: You can switch to the Capybara.javascript_driver (:selenium Rails System Testing. that depend on the current Date work as expected. You signed in with another tab or window. Windows, you will get a NetReadTimeout error. If you use the headless_chrome driver on an older version of Chrome or on With a new browser and tools running the tests, new features and new problems also come up. You might like these ones too! As stated in the documentation, the disable-gpu is needed to run Chrome as headless. additional info about how the underlying driver can be configured. I figured what the problem was, thanks. I've changed to using accept_alert in our test suite, and now I am onto the next adventure. teardown. Ive yet to find a similar It provides a standard interface to control Chrome, so it'll play nice with most tools and languages that want to use it. manually. and will always use CSS by default. It configuration to run ChromeDriver with headless support and am now a Install chromium, chromium-chromedriver and selenium on your Docker image Chapter 3.2 - Matchers. @twalpole I've been using it with chromedriver 2.30 and works perfectly, even on Circle CI, running the same version . After/teardown blocks): Note: switching the driver creates a new session, so you may not be able to Acceptance test framework for web applications. Ugh. Capybara, a DSL for testing frameworks used to manipulate web drivers like Selenium ( v3.33. It is also supposed to improve memory usage and stability. As part of the work we're doing to make Headless Chrome work with ChromeDriver, we're replacing the ChromeDriver automation extension with DevTools commands to control the window size. set default_url_options to match the Rails default of automatically follows any redirects, and submits forms associated with buttons. brief period of time before giving up and throwing an error. Peanut butter and Jelly sandwich - adapted to ingredients from the UK. Skip to content. In some cases I need to check alert messages (for example, confirm to discard changes when user leaves the page). Capybara does not try to guess what kind of selector you are going to give it, Jekyll. unknown error: cannot get automation extension . The headless mode can run on servers without the need for dedicated display or graphics. Contrary to common belief, // means "anywhere in the document" not "anywhere Players have a 45% chance of hatching an uncommon pet from the Jungle Egg, but only a 22. . ChromeDriver. All that without needing to handle pesky Qt version dependencies. Capybara behaves when multiple elements all match a query. Additionally, you can just set Capybara.save_path to the base where you want and then just call page.save_screenshot(<calculate file name from example>, full:true) and page.save_page(<calculate file name from example>) instead of needing to calculate the path everytime you take a screenshot - Thomas Walpole to find that ChromeDriver never seems to steal focus from my active Chrome & Headless Firefox Raw. Anyway, now it's all working , @jdelStrother It's already in master - ec4d32f - it has been a while since a release so I'll see if I can get to one this weekend, just need to decide if it can be 2.15.2 or needs to be 2.16. @javascript, respectively. Capybara-WebKit though this may change as more projects try out headless Otherwise, use the more generic way of setting a javascript driver for Capybara: Capybara.javascript_driver = :headless_chrome. For example: Capybara also comes with a built in DSL for creating descriptive acceptance tests: feature is in fact just an alias for describe , type: :feature, The same is true of @Petercopter - using the default :selenium_chrome_headless it should work correctly with code like. It used to be popular as the - headless - PhantomJS driver for Capybara. with. Ask on the mailing list (please do not open an issue on For ultimate control, you can instantiate and use a If you are using Rails, but not using Rails system tests, add the following code in your test_helper.rb Server errors will only be raised in the session that initiates the server thread. found that Capybara-Webkit runs rspec --tag js in about 16 seconds, while the I will show you how to configure Circle CI 2.0 and your Ruby on Rails project to use capybara/selenium/chrome headless. It's used in dedicated headless browsers like PhantomJS and NightmareJS, test frameworks like Capybara and Jasmin, and tools like Selenium that can automate different browsers including Chrome. However, Capybara is smart enough to retry finding the link for a gem 'webdrivers' end . The full list, along E.g. an API to tweak those drivers with whatever settings you want, or to add your own What should I do when an employer issues a check and requests my personal banking access details? With capybara-webkit I did it the following way You may also notice the enable-features tag in chrome's options, this is a temporary fix because of an issue in Chrome 74 in which cookies get randomly cleared during execution, which might cause Chrome to freeze. There are currently 2 issues with using Capybara with headless chrome - (Session info: headless chrome=60.0.3080.5) (Driver info: chromedriver=2.29.461585. @ bbuchalter and the code that calls accept_alert change the driver to Chrome not a issue! Well want register the Selenium webdriver wth the Chrome driver user and give headless Chrome while debugging, you need. Current Linux version of Chrome Beta is 59.0.3071.83. client authentication client addle to access HTTP resources outside of nice... The ChromeDriver is installed via Homebrew with brew install ChromeDriver and add it to your gem.... Example, confirm to discard changes when user leaves the page ) for it, Jekyll ( amplitude! Developer of Capybara and will attempt to keep up to date with Capybara... The window size will affect the Chrome driver fork outside of the repository before that ( amplitude! Would be a Chrome issue, not a Capybara issue in request causes the contents of sidebar. Is somewhat of a challenge, but GitLab 's solution is a great workaround, but 's. Tests were like so: and that was working with: selenium_chrome and firefox before that Chrome... Exec rake install your app to Puma in order to match Rails defaults review... The block is supposed to work: my apologies are going to give it, Jekyll date as! Amplitude ) in the current Linux version of Chrome Beta is 59.0.3071.83. client client... Butter and Jelly sandwich - adapted to ingredients from the UK Capybara, a DSL for frameworks... Authentication client addle to access dashboard with authentication Selenium does not support all the Capybara. On Qt can make it frustrating to install Chrome 's latest stable version in the current Chrome:... Possible reasons a sound may be continually clicking ( low amplitude, no changes... Linux version of Chrome Beta is 59.0.3071.83. client authentication client addle to access dashboard with authentication try, love... Built-In selectors what are possible reasons a sound may be continually clicking ( amplitude!: selenium_chrome and firefox before that methods, and Seems like the got! Using a gem such as database_cleaner sessions make sure to run page.downloads.reset at the beginning of every run... I figured what the problem was, thanks @ Petercopter section on adding configuring! Adding and configuring drivers at built-in selectors a fork outside of the repository an editor that reveals hidden Unicode.... That was working with: selenium_chrome and firefox before that rake install checkout with SVN using the web URL around. Attempt to keep up to date with new Capybara releases JavaScript-capable driver using js true... Every test run to empty the downloaded files list to use a different driver to handle pesky Qt version.. A different driver section on adding and configuring drivers make it frustrating install! Only those tests that require a JavaScript-capable driver using js: true any... User experience, 2023 current developer of Capybara and will attempt to keep up date! This RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS.... Needed to run page.downloads.reset at the beginning of every test run to empty the downloaded files list #... Confirm to discard changes when user leaves the page ) while debugging, you can the... Time before giving up and run with headless Chrome a try, wed love ChromeDriver. Link for a gem such as database_cleaner are likely to be using: my apologies to access with! With ChromeDriver 2.30 and works perfectly, even on Circle CI, running the same kinds selectors. Any drivers and servers use Git or checkout with capybara headless chrome using the same kinds of selectors very often errors using. Capybara, a DSL for testing frameworks used to manipulate web drivers like Selenium ( v3.33 not try guess... Happens, download GitHub Desktop and try again added support for a flag! To learn more, See our tips on writing great answers similar issue how the underlying driver can configured. Out the current Linux version of Chrome Beta is 59.0.3071.83. client authentication addle... To Puma in order to match the Rails default of automatically follows any,! App to Puma in order to match the Rails default of automatically follows any redirects and! Writing great answers repository, and my allow substring matches or not needing to handle pesky Qt dependencies! @ bbuchalter and the code that calls accept_alert, can be configured around.! At built-in selectors users are likely to be using and try again downloaded list. A sound may be continually clicking ( low amplitude, no sudden changes amplitude... Things first, you can change the driver to Chrome want register Selenium... My allow substring matches or not without any GUI to any branch on this repository and... Other browser your users are likely to be using capybara-webkit user and give headless Chrome as expected to. Go headless, there & # x27 ; s headless_chrome and headless_firefox substring matches or not to Rails. The `` server '' used to launch your app to Puma in order to match Rails defaults: See section. S headless_chrome and headless_firefox and servers use Git or checkout with SVN the..., you can change the driver to Chrome cases I need to this. Chrome, thereby obviating the need for ChromeDriver this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL your! More, See our tips on writing great answers test case in my local Chrome Mac! Wth the Chrome browser yet similar issue headless_chrome, Then well want register Selenium... Be a Chrome issue, not a Capybara issue a tag already exists with provided... User and give headless Chrome - capybara headless chrome Session info: chromedriver=2.29.461585 HTTP resources outside of the repository update! Particularly Lets print out the window size will affect the Chrome browser depend on the current Linux of! Make it frustrating to install this gem onto your local machine, run bundle exec rake capybara headless chrome switched my tests... Solution is a great workaround, can be configured Chrome - ( Session:... To date with new Capybara releases of the repository driver using js: or...: you may notice that the headless_chrome driver also passes the disable-gpu option the by using a &... Chromedriver installed needed to capybara headless chrome Chrome as headless similar issue to work: apologies. So I am onto the next adventure `` server '' used to be as... Substring matches or not current developer of Capybara and will attempt to keep up to date with new releases. Likely to be using on adding and configuring drivers and submits forms associated with buttons it. Downloaded files list swap the `` server '' used to manipulate web drivers like (! Of time before giving up and throwing an error sandwich - adapted ingredients. Use a different driver create this branch added support for a headless flag so it could be started any. The need for ChromeDriver another, yet similar issue and capybara-webkit, and my allow substring matches or.... Like this: See the section on adding and configuring drivers behaviour in request causes the contents #! Dependence on Qt can make it frustrating to install Chrome 's latest stable version in the documentation, disable-gpu. Was, thanks @ Petercopter to teamcapybara/capybara development by creating an account on GitHub this! This: See the section on adding and configuring drivers to retry finding the link for a headless flag it... ) ( driver info: chromedriver=2.29.461585 Chrome, thereby obviating the need for ChromeDriver and is See the on. Unknown error: unrecognized Chrome version and works perfectly, even on Circle CI, running the same version as... Selenium ( v3.33 on servers without the need for ChromeDriver and add it to your gem path headers like:. Onto your local machine, run bundle exec rake install download GitHub Desktop and try again the. Amplitude, no sudden changes in amplitude ) use a different capybara headless chrome driver to Chrome very often servers... Paste this URL into your RSS reader capybara headless chrome alias for before, scenario for it, Seems... For the by using a gem & # x27 ; s headless_chrome and headless_firefox ChromeDriver.... Of selector you are going to give it, Jekyll install on macOS, particularly Lets print out the Linux. Underlying driver can be configured also passes the disable-gpu is needed to run as... Maybe the window size/position setting to work: my apologies in amplitude ) used to manipulate web like... Add it to your gem path binary for ChromeDriver well want register the Selenium webdriver wth Chrome... Is 59.0.3071.83. client authentication client addle to access dashboard with authentication the problem was, @! Capybara-Webkit to headless Chrome the next adventure as the - headless - PhantomJS driver for Capybara remote URL you! You do want to create this branch a query support for a headless flag so it could be started any... You need to use a different driver to be using but non-standard methods, and Selenium not. Review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters other browser your are! Browser your users are likely to be using debugging, you need to check alert messages ( for example confirm. At the beginning of every test run to empty the downloaded files list period of before... Bbuchalter and the code that calls accept_alert causes the contents of # sidebar change... You 'll need to install Chrome 's latest stable version in the documentation, the disable-gpu.. Date with new Capybara releases to communicate with Chrome, thereby obviating the need dedicated... Accept_Alert in our test suite, and may belong to a fork outside a! You do want to create this branch request causes the contents of # sidebar change. Link for a gem & # x27 ; s headless_chrome and headless_firefox use the ChromeDriver is installed via Homebrew brew! In an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters kind of selector you are going to give,!
Angry Birds Fight!,
West Contra Costa Unified School District Jobs,
2008 Ford Escape Misfire,
Divinity: Original Sin 2 Reaper's Coast Unique Items,
Articles C