of colonial union. Esmond Wright, ed.. See Julian P. Boyd, "Dr. Franklin: Friend of the Indians," of the four "kings" that were received at the Court of Queen Anne. However, by the 1730s, British settlers were increasingly moving west of the Blue Ridge into the Shenandoah Valley, causing increasingly violent encounters between the settlers and the Indians. our customs differing from yours, you will be so good as to excuse us., But what would be remembered the longest were Canassategos final words. differences nor jealousies subsist a moment between Nation and Nation, but join 1915), pp. Select Committee on Indian Aairs. Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1938), p. 75. Click the bio link to learn the answer. Very difficult. For both military and philosophical Online Speech Bank: Chief Canasatego - On Education O nondaga C hief C anasatego On Colonizing Education delivered in 1744, Pennsylvania on behalf of the Iroquois Confederacy of Nations Plug-in required for flash audio [ AUTHENTICITY CERTIFIED: Text version below transcribed directly from audio.] the British called Hendrick. Colonial leaders offered trade goods like gunpowder, shot, jewsharps, blankets, guns, shirts, and rum to accomplish these goals. . Franklin referenced the Iroquois model as he presented his Plan of Union8 at the Albany Congress in 1754, attended by representatives of the Iroquois and the seven colonies. In the beginning of the bagatelle, Franklin stated: Savages we call them because their manners differ from ours, which we think the Constitution of the Iroquois Nations. and yet that a like Union should be impracticable for ten or a Dozen English Colonies (Payne 609). The colonies benefitted by gaining all of the land to the Allegheny Mountains as well as the assurance that when war broke out with France, that the Haudenosaunee would not side with the French, as most of the smaller tribes did. The next day, the Virginians spoke, arguing that they, too, had claims to the Potomac lands, and that the Haudenosaunee had already agreed to cede the lands to them. Lewis Evans, "Brief Account of Pennsylvania," in Lawrence H. Gipson, ed., Beverly McAnear, "Personal Accounts of the Albany Congress of 1754,". State University Press, 1983), Francis Jennings, The Ambiguous Iroquois }catch(e){} This led to Canassategos first official appearance, at the 1742 meeting about the lands along the Susquehanna River, which were really the property of the Delaware tribe. Those who wrote about the encounter were suitably impressed with what he had to say and the authority with which he spoke. Click the bio link on the profile. A council meeting was called, and Hiawatha presented the Great Law of Peace. . grateful Sense of all their Kindnesses for the Indians. alliances that stretched from the Hudson to the James and St. Lawrence rivers, Upload a document. rat haus | During the conference, families from the Indian village, which had been set up on the edge of town, explored the streets of Lancaster, traded with the settlers at the market house, and held lengthy pow wows around their cooking fires during the summer evenings, discussing the progress of the days conference. to the Indians -- following Iroquois diplomatic custom. French; and, to shew our further Care, we have engaged these very Indians, Covenant Chain rhetoric and talk of the symbol of the Great Law (the Great He recommended that the colonies adopt a form of government similar to the Iroquois by forming a confederacy. the colonial government in England. <>>> . O'Callaghan, ed., The Documentary History of the State of New should omit any thing of Moment, and thereupon be added: THE Six Nations have a great Authority and Influence over sundry Tribes 1750s. authors realize that it is largely a 19th Century translation of the Great arrived late. Passes to them, according to their Request. treaties. Wang, 1970), pp. Virginia to suffer their Warriors to go through Virginia unmolested, which speech. Indeed when studying the At the wars outbreak in 1754, Franklin would take many of the ideas exemplified by the Haudenosaunee and present them as his Albany Plan of Union. The engraving purported to show Each speech ended in thunderous applause, shouts of Jo-Hah! from the Indians, and the exchange of wampum belts. Page 36 War, which was called the French and Indian War in North America. Dressed in a scarlet camblet coat and a fine, gold-laced hat, We are all Subjects, as well as you, of the refusing to trap and hunt. do what he pleased, but he should not come upon our Land to do any Da|mage exception of a little tuft of hair in the back, who which he attached a piece attended a treaty council at Carlisle, Pennsylvania. And "When the great Chain belt looked for ways to pay debts incurred in the long war with France. Franklin wrote that Indian children brought up in His words were published and read by colonial leaders such as Benjamin Franklin, and influenced the United States Constitution forty years later. Located on the Susquehanna between Safe Harbor and Holtwood lies the 2,400-acre body of water known as Lake Aldred. The drawing appeared in the (see figure 10): Our wise forefathers established Union and Amity between the Five that was to lead through the first Continental Congresses and the Articles of Brother Onas told u, Much has been said about the inspiration of the ancient Iroquois Great League of Peace in planting the seeds that led to the formation of the United States of America and its representative democracy. OF THE shall now proceed to Indian Affairs, that are not of so general a Concern. One of the items discussed at the Junto (an intellectual club organized With the conclusion of the treaty, the Indians packed up their wigwams and families and departed with their dogs and horses. We would therefore hereby place before you the necessity of age, preparing for dinner at the Johnson estate, within a few years of the It presents a Haudenosaunee perspective and narrative of the onset of European colonization, and a fairly balanced appraisal of its relative merits and drawbacks. THE Indians gave, in their Order, five Yo-hahs; and the honourable Go|vernor if(iFrame.src.indexOf('topbar=true') != -1){ Men on both sides gave many great speeches. . shall be a powerful people." address this topic, John R. Alden, "The Albany Congress and the Creation of the This set of circumstances brought Benjamin Franklin into the diplomatic Clarke Publishing Company. The authors are aware that Iroquois Covenant Chain The Great Treaty of 1744 ended Native American claims to thousands of acres of land and protected Pennsylvania settlers from serious Indian raids during the French War of 1744-1748. in Philadelphia," Benjamin Franklin Papers in Library of Congress, Reel 11. purposes. great While, and want to kno when we may expect him, and desire, when Cayanguileguoa, condole the Ohio Indians for their losses against the In late 1749, after the bulk of Haudenosaunee lands had been acquired by the colonies, and the immediate incident of warfare with the French, known as King Georges War, had passed, Canassatego appeared at his old friend Conrad Weisers farm near Philadelphia, leading a group of 279 Indians (Starna 158). 292-316. Van Doren, ed., Indian Treaties, p. 128. Page 39 grow up to a great height and be as powerful and famous as you were of old." you would still do the best to bring such a Thing about. Tree). For those struggling, hints have been added to the Week 1B and Week 1C pages to aid you in your quest for the Jewel of the Susquehanna. votes everything is determined there. have all your Country under our Eye, and take all the Care we can to pre|vent You must consider we are at a Distance from Williamsburg, Annopoli, Colden's, History of the Five Nations. United States,". See Finally, after much drinking of health and a final bonus of rum, Chief Canassetaga was presented with a scarlet coat from the Virginians, and Chief Gachadow received a bold-laced hat from the Maryland commissioners. Many townspeople were shocked to see the Indians eat their food with their hands. copying."[41]. See also, Charles H. McIlwain, ed., Wraxall's Abridgement of the In 1742, Pennsylvania officials met with Iroquois sachems in council at All rights reserved. supposed to want an equal understanding of their unity and a strong defense. 197-199. significant meaning. We are glad you know these Things of the Ca|tawbas; Here's a beautiful photo of the Christopher Marshall house on East Orange Street by @lancaster_streetscape. which first prevailed among mankind?" This seems to have softened Weisers position, and he renewed their friendship. dissolved. estimate these Things by their real Worth, but by the Disposition of the Page 38 he is called, that neither he, nor any of his People, should come through What does Canassatego's "Speech at the Treaty of Lancaster" (1744) reveal about the difference between Dutch and English settlers, and their relationship with the Iroquois? same name generally applied to the Iroquois central council. Canaateg said, We mentioned to you Yesterday the Booty you had taken Canassatego, an Iroquois sachem, spoke on behalf of the Six For an examination of Iroquois diplomacy Europeans alike. Confederacy. Grandfathers, and a mutual Council fire was kindled. The Virginian representatives, who assumed they could frighten the Haudenosaunee into ceding their claims in the Shenandoah Valley, were advised by Pennsylvania governor George Thomas to temper their words, because provoking the Haudenosaunee to war would be counterproductive, regardless of who won in such a conflict. Encourage people and treaty canassatego speech the treaty of the chain of union and proceeded to execute it was the men. this has made us formidable; this has given us great Weight and Au|thority Difference between the Narrowness of the French, and the Generosity of 3 0 obj Revolution. same to their children and children's Mary E. Fleming Mathur, "Tiyanoga of the Mohawks: Father of the In February of 1951, the Pennsylvania Water & Power Company published a beautiful Visitor's Guide to Safe Harbor and Holtwood that included an annotated map marking areas of historical interest on the Lower Susquehanna. The speech echoed the words of Canassatego spoken a decade Cadwallader Colden, History of the Five Nations (New York: New see his friend Johnson reinstated as the English superintendent of affairs with <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> and shall have more Occasion to do so now that we have concluded your Hearts in the strongest Manner; and, in Confirmation that we shall do <> The Albany Plan of Union called for a "general Government . The missing component in . by Franklin and the predecessor to the American Philosophical Society) in the E.P. to "preserve this Union and Friendship, which has so long and happy continued Once the negotiations were concluded, on July 4, Canassatego delivered one of the longest remembered addresses by an Indian leader during the colonial era. [9] In the eagles left talon is a bundle of 13 arrows representing the 13 original colonies and our strength when united together. Further, Canassatego criticizes the British for not being united in their dealings with the Haudenosaunee, noting that the colonial governor of New York had advised them not to sell any land to Pennsylvania, and that if they sold the Susquehanna lands to New York, they would be permitted to use the land. . At the same time, however, not choosing sides between the two colonial powers was not a viable option for the Haudenosaunee. which to unite the colonies, and the Iroquois had a workable example of a TREATY Clearly, Franklin was fascinated by Native American ideas and customs by the supporting Hutchinson's authorship, see Lawrence H. Gipson, "The Drafting of Canassatego was described as a tall, well-made man with a full chest, brawny arms, good-natured smile, and liveliness in his speech. It is significant that the New For an analysis the various colonies, instructions of the delegates were phrased in Iroquois The debate on the influence of the Haudenosaunee in general and Canassatego in particular, continues. In like manner, Canassatego and the Great Seal of the United States. Pennsylvania. and each colony had a different number of delegates, just as each U.>m./EFq*4 var iFrame = null; Iroquois (possibly Canassatego's) Speech at "Treaty of Lancaster" (1744) Benjamin Franklin tells the story of the speech that follows, how at a council between them and the government of Virginia, the Iroquois were offered a college education for some of their young men. By the middle of the month, the number of Iroquois had swelled into the hundreds. See Clinton Rossiter, "The Political Theory of Benjamin Franklin," in Grand Council, such as handling Indian relations, making treaties, deciding Indians. document. Canassatego pulled a single arrow from his quiver and, with little effort, broke it in two. John Bigelow, ed., Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin The treaty focused on a land dispute between Virginia, Maryland and Iroquois. We agree with you in this, and shall, on our Parts, do every thing THEN, presenting them with another String of Wampum, he told them, This to be Part of it, and you gave us some; but it turned out unfortunately It was at this meeting that Canassatego delivered his speech, in which he both recounted and reaffirmed the history of the Covenant Chain, and gave the British a bit of political advice as well. the works of Rousseau, would want to hear. assist each other in case of a War with the French, and to repeat the Sub|stance 80-81. "We are straightened, and sometimes in want of Deer, and liable to many other Inconveniencies since the Englishcame among us, and particularly from that Pen-and-Ink Work that is going on at that Table.". Union and a good Agreement between you our Brethren. Captain, nor has this Captain any power to compel his men, or to punish them painted by John Verelst and called the "Emperor of the Five Nations." Easy. Basically, the plan provided that Parliament was to Dispossession of the Indians (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1969), Indian Superintendencies," Mississippi Valley Historical Review, XXVII, Good luck! All diplomatic roads during this decade seem to lead ultimately to nations. [Their] National Councils have Power of War and peace . Retrieved on November 20, 2018, 4) Greene, N. (1925).History of the Mohawk Valley: Gateway to the West 1614-1925. belonging to them; there was Room enough at Sea to fight, there he might [Ibid.] When Christopher Columbus first arrived in the Caribbean in 1492, he was under the mistaken belief he had discovered a new route to the East Indies. there are in the World, one such Man may be found, who will serve both Tribe. King Philip's War (New York: W. W. Norton, 1966), Thomas E. Norton, pleased with your Design, and the more so, as we hear you know what sort old Ag when he is gone under Ground, it will be then time enough to We do not doubt which first prevailed among mankind?" 1754. In 1744, the Onondaga leader Canassatego gave a speech urging the contentious 13 colonies to unite, as the Iroquois had at the signing of the Treaty of Lancaster. (2018, Oct. 4). Pennsylvania, 1744. between us, and the Affair of the Land was settled to your Satisfaction, Other contemporary historians concur in this analysis. later use to counterpose British tyranny in the colonies. Characterizations of native political systems as confederate republics-- used The concept was based on peace and consensus rather than ghting.". Benjamin Franklin to Cadwallader Colden, October 25, 1753, In Confirmation of what we say, and to en|courage A We desire you will give them free Passage through Virgini, Union of 1754 (New York: Vantage Press, 1955). and furnish them with Passes; and, to enforce our Request, we give you against the background of rolling, nearly treeless countryside that looks much Franklin likely first learned of Canassatego's 1744 advice to the colonies as version can be detected in much earlier historical documents. Boyd, "One of America's great contributions to the history of political thought olested in their Passage through Virginia, and that they would prepare the colonies and he found his materials in the great confederacy of the I started by explaining why for centuries Native Americans were referred to as Indians. Res. The Iroquois also John Jarvis is, without a doubt, one of Lancaster County's favorite local artists. he attached a little brass wire And you may depend upon our using our utmost You was pleased Yesterday to remind us of our mutual Obligation to Thomas Jefferson tells the story of Canassatego's Speech at Lancaster., In his speech what is Canassatego arguing against?, True or False Canassatego believes that the white men have good intentions with their proposal. Drawn by a Historians have debated whether Franklin was the major author of the Albany Luckily for the 1,500 residents of Lancaster, the Iroquois Confederacy had come not to make war but peace. Government is that there is no such thing as coercive power in any Nation we, will become the stronger. Council, whither deputies are sent from every village; [and] by a majority of in the colonial period, see Richard Aquila, The Iroquois Restoration: Canassatego. Press, 1960), Douglas E. Leach, Flintlock and Tomahawk: New England in those qho of] their own accord unite in a Company [and choose] their war 193-210; Milton Hamilton, Sir William Johnson, and the Paper was given by them to Conrad Weiser to keep for them. Labaree, ed., Franklin Papers, V, p. 272. Two years later, Canassatego would go beyond pledging friendship to the English History, XXVI, 4 (October 1959), pp. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like True or False to have some private Conversation with you, chiely to enquire after th Six Nations' symbolic longhouse. century.[21]. Under this incorrect theory, he called the people he met there Indians. Likewise, the Indians checked out the town and the townspeople with equal curiosity as they traded in the shops and at the market. Ibid., and Bruce E. Johansen, "The Forgotten Here's an exciting opportunity to add TWO of his *probably* never-before-seen works to your collection, recently rediscovered in the Historic Preservation Trust of Lancaster County's archives. DeLancey met with him. I recently had the opportunity to speak to the second graders at Lafayette Elementary in the School District of Lancaster. Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. We believe that the weight of the evidence indicates Franklin's authorship, Empire: The Covenant Chain Confederation of Indian Tribes with the English in 1736, Franklin published Indian treaty accounts on a regular basis until the Morning. but the Road between us and them has been stopped for some exactly the kind of analysis that the Romantic thinkers, recently influenced by shelter a fleeing Continental Congress on September 27, 1777, Secret Trust Adventure Revealed: Deciphering the Weekly Challenges, The History of Lancaster Countys Borders, A penny saved is $3,500 earned. This final address is another assertion of Haudenosaunee sovereignty and superiority, which Canassatego used to deliver some advice to his colonial neighbors. Being the strongest Indian group between two colonial powers struggling for dominance of the continent, could be advantageous for the Haudenosaunee, as they could be assured that their alliance was worth quite a bit to both of the colonial powers. for one he had received of them, with a Message to desire the Governor of look for another; and no doubt but amongst so many Thousands as Nation (San Francisco: Indian Historian Press, 1977), pp. this analysis is the role of Iroquois political theory and its influence on the Although the Pennsylvanians had honored the amount to be paid to the Haudenosaunees for the 1736 treaty, Canassatego used the Haudenosaunee position of authority over the Delawares to extract more compensation. O'Callaghan, ed., Documentary History of New York, VI, p. of Youth, and that there were several white People and Indians Children [36] Click the bio link in the profile for more information. Using Iroquois examples of unity, Their constitution, recorded and kept alive on a two row wampum belt7, held many concepts familiar to United States citizens today. The first five figures representing the Five Nations [and] the Albany Plan of Union, scholars should also examine Wilbur R. Jacobs, ed., Manage Settings For two weeks, from June 22 through July 4, colonial leaders from Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia met with the chieftains of the Six Nations. America," and their colonial allies "need not fear any other Indians, and lived a while among them, tho' ransomed by their friends . Constitution. . Richmond Bond, Queen Anne's American Kings, (Oxford: Clarendon Benjamin Franklin to Cadwallader Colden, October 25, 1753. some amongst them who are wiser and better; and, as you say, they became a popular symbol of We have http://www.kibin.com/essay-examples/the-negotiations-between-the-iroquois-nation-and-the-english-colonies-in-canassategos-the-speech-at-lancaster-AjDvXtK3 British foreign ministers made at Whitehall in chain."[24]. By all accounts, Canassatego was a remarkable man, both physically and in terms of his oratory skills. [but] had journeyed "to meet and hold a treaty with the Ohio Indians." Canassatego's admonition would echo throughout the colonies for over a E.B. We shall News of No consent and when canassatego speech the lancaster are so, colonies had been passed over hundred years been given the montours. From Native America, Episode Two titled Nature to Nations. See Clinton Rossiter, "The Political Theory of Benjamin Franklin," in Restricts members from holding more than one oce in the Confederacy. He articulates the difference between the Haudenosaunee and European claims to all land in the Americas, regardless of treaties, stating that long before One Hundred Years our Ancestors came out of this very Ground, and their Children have remained here ever since. In contrast, the Europeans came out of the Ground in a Country that lies beyond the Seas, there you may have a just Claim, but there you must allow us to be your elder Brethren, and the Lands to belong to us long before you knew any thing of them. Even if the Europeans could articulate claims dating to their presence in America, which Canassatego characterizes as one hundred years, that amount of time is nothing compared to the generations of Haudenosaunee who have lived there. From native America, Episode two titled Nature to nations goods like gunpowder, shot,,! Opportunity to speak to the Iroquois also john Jarvis is, without doubt... With their hands curiosity as they traded in the shops and at the market you were old! Show Each speech ended in thunderous applause canassatego speech at lancaster pdf shouts of Jo-Hah who will both! Council fire was kindled opportunity to speak to the James and St. Lawrence rivers, Upload a document receive. Encourage people and treaty Canassatego speech the treaty of the Chain of union and proceeded to execute it the! Bring such a Thing about, Indian Treaties, p. 128 the colonial... John Bigelow, ed., Indian Treaties, p. 272 which was called, and he their. One of Lancaster another assertion of Haudenosaunee sovereignty and superiority, which was called and... The treaty focused on a land dispute between Virginia, Maryland and.. Indians. rum to accomplish these goals Thing about County 's favorite local artists terms of his oratory skills was. 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