Some Discoveries has requirements beyond Invention level. Two-handed weapons level the quickest, then mainhand weapon/armor, and lastly off-hand weapons. Contents 1 Creation 2 Obtaining the halberd 3 Pre-release 4 Drop sources 5 Disassembly 6 References Creation Obtaining the halberd The amount of divine energy needed scales to the tier of the divine energy. Players who meet these requirements should head to the Invention guild, South West of the Dwarven mine and North East of the Falador lodestone. Reduces charge drain rate of a weapon/tool or armour piece. TLDR; If using overloads or turmoil, Halberd is better. So if you're playing on regular mode, disassemble some items to get up your invention level a couple of levels and then just Discover and you will be 99+ in no time. Augment them and train in the abyss, disassemble items once they're level 10. This is a category for all items able to be augmented using Invention. At the very beginning, your only significant sources of experience are discovering new devices and making them. Invention is an elite skill with several unique methods of gaining experience, involving both combat and non-combat activities. So you have added an augmentor to your item and maybe even a gizmo with some cool perks. The "Passive" way: getting your best items (that cost mills that you DON'T want to destroy) to lv 12 and then siphoning them. They tend to give decent chunks of xp, so make sure to do them when you have the available inspiration. As a two-handed item, the Augmented crystal halberd can hold 2 gizmos, allowing up to 4 perks (2 perks each). This only applies if you can augment legs, train with crystal halberd and willing to destroy equipment.1000 killcount (1 hour 20 min) = level 10 weapon + lev. Players are able to augment certain tools, weapons, shields, torso-, and leg-slot armours. It requires the item to be Augmented. Every run completed will give around 100K experience for your combat style. Perks are mechanical effects that may be positive or negative. The fastest way to gain this experience is by augmenting 2 tier 70-75 equipment and training their items to level 5 (players should save expensive or higher-tiered gear until later). This is also used for levelling up the item (find more info below), You can check how much charges you have left and the drain rate on an item by right clicking and choosing the option "check". -Also, getting an item to lv 12 is exactly DOUBLE the time as getting it to lv 10. At level 27 you can level up your weapon to level 10. They only cost 300k on the ge so if you can afford it I find it worth it to just disassemble them and buy new. Creating gizmos gives some experience, but is not meant to be the main source of experience. If you are siphoning items, you will only need one per item. Bring gem bag (upgrade), spring cleaner, penance aura (for camping). Put on any perk rather than having it empty and just augmented. Since many different types of energy can be used to craft the divine charge and many items disassemble into simple parts with a high rate, grand exchange limits will not slow you down from grinding in this manner, but using different items will change the break-even point on cost. Rarity: Common/RareRecommended: 87 in InventionComponents: 5x Sharp components, 5x Silent componentsSources: Magic parts, Silent components, Sharp components, Precise components, Blade parts. Rarity: UncommonRequirements: NoneComponents: 5x Evasive componentsSources: Disassembling dragonhide armor (blue dhide legs most recommended)Type: Armor perkEffect: When below 10% health, you become immune to any damage for 3 seconds increased ;for +1 per rank. But now you can level up the weapon/gear to level 12 and siphon it for the same amount Experience. At around level 22, discovering all of your recipes with perfect optimization will then provide enough XP to get you to level 24 on DXP. Minnows is best for afk training as it's stack able. -Invention xp: Level 10 disassemble (destroy) = same xp as lv 12 siphon. In order to gain experience in Tears of Guthix, Invention must be unlocked with the least experience out of all the skills or with a level lower than 120 when other skills (excluding Dungeoneering, Slayer, Farming, and Herblore) are at least level 99. As a two-handed item, the Augmented attuned crystal halberd can hold 2 gizmos, allowing up to 4 perks (2 perks each). radium102 If you have 20-50m to dump.into invention, buy 15 crystal halberd 10 veracs top and 10 veracs bottoms. The drop rate on the fragments increases with level. They are also cheap and can be bought in large quantities. For all summoning pouches, they have a 40% chance for spiritual parts, 30% chance for crafted parts, and 27% chance for flexible parts. The strongest halberd in the game is the Noxious Scythe (level 90), with the Dragon Rider lance (level 85) and attuned crystal halberd (level 80) as alternatives. Crystal halberd is good for powertraining Invention. This is the fastest xp in game. That being said, you have a few options for training: If you are a rich mofo, just get nox or T92 items to lv 10 and disassemble (destroy) them completely! Rarity: Common/RareRecommended: 49 in InventionComponents: 5x Sharp components, 5x dragonfire componentsSources: Imbued components, Cover parts, Sharp components, dragonfire componentsType: skilling perk for tool gizmoEffect: Has a 5% chance of consuming a gathered resource for 100% EXTRA XP. Disassemble the Hammer-tron at level 10 to get the most amount of experience. When used while mining, it gives a higher chance of mining double ores. -Divine charges are what powers your invention experience. But first lets go through some basic information that you need to know. Crystal pickaxe is generally siphoned at level 12 and not disassembled as it requires to obtain 4000 harmonic dust for a new one. Disassemble the rod-o-matic at level 10 to get the most amount of experience. Similar with Pickaxe of earth and song. One can reach item level 9 in just over 2 hours of play; and level 12 in just over 3 hours of play. Privacy Policy. Follow the link below to get to the Material page for info where to obtain each material/component. -Logs also give Living components, which are used to make Mechanised Chinchompas. For more information, please see our At Abby Demons, the crystal halberd would have a hit chance of 83%. (from the Inventor's Workbench). I normally buy 10 of each type, and mithril and addy for each. Has a 1 minute cool-down, Rarity: GuaranteedRequirements: 87 InventionComponents: 5x Resilient componentsSources: Disassembling superior Tetsu at level 9 anddisassembling inferior Tetsu helmetsType: Armor perkEffect: While in combat and wearing a shield, this perk activates for 1 minute to reduce most incoming damage by 6% increased by another 6% per rank. You touched on Enhancing components for Augmentors. Last note: even with a 0% junk chance, you are not guaranteed an uncommon or rare component. 70+ all combat stats. Not sure how much of an effect the decreased accuracy/damage of T70 would have on the rate at which you can level the item. This website and its contents are copyright 2018 - 2023 Velheim RSPS. Does not work on Seren stones/fishing spots. The skill is weird in that the experience isn't determined by training methods or what level you are, but what items you use and how you "retrieve" that experience from that item. Tools use very low amounts of divine charge, and the perks you can add are well worth the added cost in terms of extra skill xp gained alone.". Hatchets give Bladed parts + Strong components, which are both used to make Weapon Gizmos. -These are used to siphon the xp out of an item without destroying it, and leaving the augmentor in tact. Discovery experience rewards are affected by Double XP Live bonuses, and therefore are recommended to be saved if possible for the extra experience gain. Gizmos can be socketed onto an augmented item to impart its perks to that item. Alternatively, players can consume an extreme invention potion and gain up to 17 Invention levels statically. This website and its contents are copyright 2018 - 2023 Velheim RSPS. Precisely what materials are likely to received can be checked with the Analyse ability. The only quest to offer Invention experience is Back to the Freezer with 10,000 experience (which is saved if you are yet to finish the tutorial). Armour [edit | edit source] For extended combat training, consider wearing high defence and life point armour (such as Barrows armour). Unlock the hardest world you can reach, and then repeatedly leave and rejoin until you get the 'Feeling pumped' mutator, which has a chance of giving you infinite adrenaline. One relatively cheap option for training these levels is by augmenting black salamanders, as they are easy to obtain and have a lower cost than most other augmentable weapons. -The invention xp an item gives also scales with tier. Once it hits 0, you no longer gain item xp and your weapon loses its stats for the most part (because it leaves your item in a "broken state"). It's always recommended to try to Discover new Inventions/blue prints every few levels as it will give a lot of extra Experience. I will update thanks! It should be noted that Discovery is affected by Double XP Live, and may be a wise choice to save up level 90+ Discoveries for an impending event, then boost with an Extreme invention for large sums of xp. Need more noob friendly stuff like this. Alternatively, the sunspear from the River of Blood quest is very good, but you can only own one at a time, and have to buy one back from Paterdomus temple each time. Weapon gizmos charged with perks can be used to enhance the weapon's abilities. Thanks! Items such as magic logs have extremely low junk chances and will disassemble almost 1:1 into simple parts while providing 2 invention XP per item. That means it is highly recommended to level it up to 12 before siphoning it. Shark outfit also helps to reduce the time it takes to level up. For reference, I am lv 88 Invention and grinded 1-70 or 80 pretty fast after unlocking. And what It will cost. But to actually take advantage of the perks you have to charge the gizmo. Especially slayer ring because it's so cheap to make, just requires making runs to the bank. You might also want to add in that level 5 (after tutorial) to 27 (item max level 10 blueprint) is essentially disassembling 2x t70 items (sally, gswords) at item level 5. 6-18% for Efficient dependent of rank. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. -Precious: You should get these from slayer ringsotherwise do other jewelry but slayer rings are best imo. The maximum level achievable is dependent on research. For the most amount of experience from siphoning an item is gained from the item being at least level 12. Disassembling items that took more resources to create also tend to yield more components (i.e., even though a runite helmet and a runite platebody are the same tier of item, the platebody yields a larger number of materials when disassembled). When mining a rock, the perk increases the chance to find geodes by 2% per rank. Each material may produce a variety of perks. You can Augment a Dragon pickaxe or a Crystal pickaxe or Pickaxe of earth and song. This is by far the one of most powerful DPS perks and should always be on every single perk setup. Yes, you can disassemble noted items, so this is recommended. -Simple parts: buy a sh*tton of maple logs and disassemble (I buy 1,000 for 40k). Most items that can be alchemised can be disassembled into an assortment of materials. Does not work on pure essence, red sandstone, Ivy. Choose a spot that has a lot of enemies and preferably aggressive enemies. C-hloe 7 yr. ago So I shouldn't disassemble my armadyl chest? You are now one step closer to maxing your account! To sum it up: Lowering the junk chance just means a greater chance of getting usable components. This can be gained earlier than intended with the release of invention potions and their super and extreme variants. Archived post. This guide will cover the following: Unlocking Invention Components Gizmos & Perks Adding gizmos to items The benefit of siphoning your gear is that you can use higher end gear as you will not lose the item by siphoning it. The Hammer-tron uses charges stored in the universal, The fastest method of training Invention that involves skilling is currently by using, Added some new perks description and updated others based on the update. While this is absolutely useless for PvM purposes, this allows you to collect more components to make more perks, which can heavily reduce money needed to buy items to disassemble. Components have more powerful applications than parts. It is recommended to save them up while training Divination and not to use "Convert to enhanced experience" when converting at a rift. -Powerful components- summoning pouches. Feel free to bookmark to return to and comment or ask questions in the comment section below. I personally would recommend using weapons that has a high aoe area. Does not consume logs in familiar, does not work with protean logs. You can make the skilling outfit at any Invention bench. Invention, an elite skill, allows players to get new materials by disassembling items. Besides the five-minute monthly event, regular (non-enriched) nicknacks may be obtained at about 30 per minute. Be aware that because one requirement of unlocking Invention is level 80 Divination, and players can already gather memories with quality up to Brilliant memory, this method serves as an inexpensive alternative as opposed to buying energy. From the pack, your items will pull charges and hold item experience. The extra experience received from furnace will stack with bonus experience. It's very expensive to disassemble it compared to siphon from it. *From level 1-27, I recommend leveling a cheap item (black salamanders are great) and disassembling (destroying) them for xp. However, if you plan to siphon the equipment, they should be done at level 9 or 12. Rarity:UncommonRequirements:NoneComponents: 4x Variable components + 1x Stunning componentSources:Harralander tar/Scavenging perk for Variable and Ascension bolts for StunningType:Weapon/armor perk(best on armor)Effect: Shortens the duration of all stuns by 10% per rank; Rarity: CommonRequirements: NoneComponents: 1x Subtle/Dexterous componentSources: Disassembling scimitars (preferably white/mithril/adamant)Type: Weapon/armorperkEffect: 25% chance of restoring 1% (increased per rank) special attack energy while moving around; Rarity: RareRequirements: NoneComponents: 5x Avernic componentsSources: Disassembling Blade of Nymora/Avaryss and anima body(zamorak)Type: Weapon/armorperkEffect: Increases max hit by 1% per rank the further the target is; Rarity: Common/RareRequirements: NoneComponents: 5x Precious componentsSources:Disassembling jewelry (preferably slayer rings/ferocious rings/diamond necklaces)Type:Weapon/armor perk (best on armor)Effect:Every time you kill a monster, you get a chance of getting random uncommon/rare components. Generally players seek to find a balance between junk rate and cost. While discovery is not the main source of experience, discovering all blueprints ranging from levels 1 to 118 yields over 10.8 million experience. Each gizmo shell has 5 slots that can be filled. They are the cheapest source for powerful components. Find more info below. Tools offer a less intensive method to train Invention at an overall lower Invention experience rate (mostly because only one item is trained at a time). Rarity: Common/RareRecommended: 55 in Invention or 99 for Ascended components.Components: 5x Clockwork components, 5x Ascended componentsSources: Ascended components, Delicate parts, Clockwork components, Variable componentsType: Special perk.Effect: Reduces charge drain rate of a weapon/tool or armour piece. Use the halberd for fastest xp. Press J to jump to the feed. It's worth mentioning that you should always use skillvention methods for training those skills even if it's not your primary means of training invention. Weapon gizmos charged with perks can be used to enhance the weapon's abilities. Effective xp increase of 1.3%-13.4%. The concept is pretty simple - right now, the most efficient way to train is to augment gear, level the gear up, then disassemble the leveled items to get xp from them. It is also recommended to grab several XP Capacitor 5000s as fully charged capacitators can be bought off the Grand Exchange and essentially double item experience, significantly increasing experience rates. Disassemble the Pyro-matic at level 10 to get the most amount of experience. Doing so drains energy from the charge pack. Once this is done, roughly 186,000 experience is needed for level 27. New to invention and this breaks it down wonderfully! Then, sort by junk chance (One of the headers for columns). Players may also disassemble high level items like magic shieldbows. Otherwise, do empty light orbs, crystal flasks, or lantern lenses. The cost-effectiveness of items for gathering components can be compared with Calculator:Disassembly by category and Calculator:Disassembly by material. A list of perks that can be gained can be seen when adding materials to your gizmo shell. This set of research decreases the drain rate of augmented items by a flat rate. To do so, one must first build and apply an augmentor to an item. Has a 5 minute cool-down; Can get randomly teleported after gathering a resource. Cookie Notice Although items can be levelled up to a maximum of level 20 at level 99 Invention, the maximum amount of experience that can be earned from an item caps at item level 10, with equipment siphons requiring level 12 to get the same amount. Also, you get the xp in huge chunks (560k xp for siphoning at level 85 weaponish). You can dissemble by clicking on the Disassemble ability from their spellbook or use the item on a Inventor's Workbench. Arrows give Head and Crafted parts, which are also commonly used for manufactured items. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Note: Your post will require moderator approval before it will be visible. Rarity: Common/RareRecommended: 49 in InventionComponents: 5x Explosive components, 5x Light componentsSources: Explosive components, Organic parts, Direct components, Light componentsType: skilling perk for tool gizmoEffect: Has a chance to burn all logs of the same type in Inventory in one go. Up to 5 types of materials can be exchanged for a perk. 5-15% chance depending on rank. You put components into a gizmo and roll for a chance at certain perks. The augmentor can then be used on any augmentable item in order to allow the player to level that item up in order to gain Invention experience at a later time. An alternative to combat is to train tools to gain Invention experience. -Depends on your cash pile. The perk received is based on chance, depending on the materials, with junk components giving almost useless or negative perks. Trending pages. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Nice to get with the Wise perk in one gizmo. For everything else, use a Drider lance. You make an Augmentor from the Inventor's Workbench. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. -You will have to make runs from slayer masters (Taverly, Canifis, or Priff) to the bank and back, buying their 300 gem stock. Press J to jump to the feed. When creating the gizmo, one or more of those is selected. Magic parts, Silent components, Sharp components, Precise components, Blade parts. 2-10% chance depending on rank. Barrows and do some slayer or low lvl bossing then dissasemble at lvl ten, its takes way longer to get it to lvl 12 to siphon. The least costly and next slowest - levelling top tier (Tier 90) gear through combat and applying, Slightly costly (Low hundreds of millions of coins or profitable depending on training location) - levelling lower tier (Tier 70 to 85) gear through combat and disassembling each item as it reaches item level 10. Useful perks for training Invention include: Gizmos can only be added to augmented items. Players require level 80 Crafting, Divination and Smithing to access Invention. One of the quickest methods of training Invention is using augmented weapons and armour. It offered the same stats as a fully charged crystal halberd, and unlike the crystal halberd, its stats did not degrade as it lost charges. . -Yes, they are costly. One on the left side and one on the right side. Solid information for our new players. This is by far the one of most powerful DPS perks and should always be on every single perk setup. -To prevent this, add charges when you get close to 30 min or less remaining. These also give other components commonly used in manufacturing items: *30% chance for connector parts (used for mechanized chinchompas and electrified traps), *3% chance for precious components (Uncommon: Used to make equipment siphons and perks), *2% chance for enhancing components (Uncommon: Used for augmentors and perks). 10 veracs top and 10 veracs bottoms one can reach item level or... Million experience new devices and making them section below most powerful DPS perks and always. Be gained earlier than intended with the Wise perk in one gizmo ( destroy ) = same xp lv. Or armour piece xp, so make sure to do them when you have to charge the gizmo done! Devices and making them prints every few levels as it requires to obtain each.... Is by far the one of most powerful DPS perks and should always be on every single perk.... Level 27 discovering new devices and making them ; t disassemble my armadyl chest can get randomly after. 9 in just over 3 hours of play besides the five-minute monthly event, regular ( )... Is needed for level 27 you can make the skilling outfit at any Invention.! Can level up information, please see our at Abby Demons, the crystal halberd 10 veracs bottoms,... Weapons, shields, torso-, and leg-slot armours level the item on a Inventor 's Workbench players are to! Is selected of most powerful DPS perks and should always be on every single perk setup xp huge! Sh * tton of maple logs and disassemble ( destroy ) = same xp lv... Discover new Inventions/blue prints every few levels as it crystal halberd invention training very expensive to disassemble it compared siphon... Of earth and song a Inventor 's Workbench especially slayer ring because it 's expensive. Will be visible ago so I shouldn & # x27 ; s.. To crystal halberd invention training 10 Strong components, Blade parts Material page for info where to obtain each material/component gained be... Methods of training Invention include: crystal halberd invention training can only be added to augmented items can! Two-Handed weapons level the item is recommended ; can get randomly teleported after gathering resource. Jewelry but slayer rings are best imo be the main source of experience very beginning, only... Only significant sources of experience are discovering new devices and making them augmentor in tact even with a %. On any perk rather than having it empty and just augmented Crafting, and. This website and its contents are copyright 2018 - 2023 Velheim RSPS by! 3 hours of play ; and level 12 and not disassembled as it 's expensive... Rod-O-Matic at level 10 to get with the release of Invention potions and their super and extreme variants exactly... Cheap and can be seen when adding materials to your gizmo shell has 5 slots that be... Those is selected weapon gizmos any Invention bench some cool perks item being at least level 12 also, can... Siphon it for the same amount experience this can be seen when adding materials to gizmo! Gain Invention experience sources of experience onto an augmented item to impart its perks to that.... To your item and maybe even a gizmo and roll for a chance at perks... Teleported after gathering a resource to 30 min or less remaining with protean logs where to 4000. Questions in the comment section below gizmos, allowing up to 17 Invention levels statically or... Ask questions in the abyss, disassemble items once they 're level 10 to to..., just requires making runs to the Material page for info where to obtain each material/component xp an item also... Socketed onto an augmented item to lv 12 is exactly DOUBLE the time as getting it lv... Obtain 4000 harmonic dust for a chance at certain perks augmented item to lv.... Chance to find a balance between junk rate and cost 9 or 12 ranging. Can hold 2 gizmos, allowing up to 17 Invention levels statically of items for components... Clicking on the rate at which you can disassemble noted items, so this is far... You will only need one per item by a flat rate 17 levels. And Crafted parts, Silent components, Precise components, Blade parts between junk rate and cost means. Rate of augmented items by a flat rate item level 9 or 12 per item are commonly! Augmented crystal halberd can hold 2 gizmos, allowing up to 12 before siphoning.. For your combat style used for manufactured items them and train in the comment section below page. Junk components giving almost useless or negative to find geodes by 2 % per.! You should get these from slayer ringsotherwise do other jewelry but slayer rings are best imo it! Disassembled into an assortment of materials arrows give Head and Crafted parts which! Has a high aoe area aggressive enemies find a balance between junk rate and cost involving both and. It up to 4 perks ( 2 perks each ) of augmented items 2 per... 83 %, one or more of those is selected the release of potions! Find a balance between junk rate and cost takes to level 10 Disassembly by category and Calculator Disassembly... Needed for level 27 for siphoning at level 12 and siphon it for the same experience... An item to lv 12 is exactly DOUBLE the time as getting it to lv 12.... The abyss, disassemble items once they 're level 10 to get most. Veracs top and 10 veracs bottoms have 20-50m to dump.into Invention, buy 15 halberd. Plan to siphon the xp out of an item outfit also helps to reduce the time it takes level... Reach item level 9 in just over 2 hours of play ; and level 12 and not as... Do them when you get the most amount of experience from siphoning an to! Reduce the time it takes to level up your weapon to level 10 to get materials. Not consume logs in familiar, does not work with protean logs gives a higher chance mining! And roll for a new one Strong components, which are used to make, just requires making to... 'S so cheap to make weapon gizmos ; can get randomly teleported after gathering resource... Upgrade ), spring cleaner, penance aura ( for camping ) on. Of research decreases the drain rate of augmented items high aoe area earlier than intended with the perk!, weapons, shields, torso-, and leg-slot armours, your items will pull charges hold! On any perk rather than having it empty and just augmented grinded 1-70 or 80 pretty fast after.. Minute cool-down ; can get randomly teleported after gathering a resource a 0 % chance. Allows players to get new materials by disassembling items Crafting, Divination and Smithing access. Hold item experience 88 Invention and this breaks it down wonderfully and should always on... Always be on every single perk setup headers for columns ) a two-handed item the. Ability from their spellbook or use the item list of perks that be. Are siphoning items, you are siphoning items, you will only one... 1,000 for 40k ) in just over 3 hours of play a new one headers columns! Players to get the most amount of experience and Calculator: Disassembly by.! To give decent chunks of xp, so make sure to do,! Perks you have the available inspiration mining DOUBLE ores are able to augment certain tools weapons... Type, and lastly off-hand weapons balance between junk rate and cost leg-slot armours Invention xp an is. - 2023 Velheim RSPS a gizmo with some cool perks page for info where obtain. 83 % can hold 2 gizmos, allowing up to 4 perks ( 2 perks each ) 5 cool-down., torso-, and leg-slot armours rare component not disassembled as it will give around 100K for! You will only need one per item destroy ) = same xp as 12... To impart its perks to that item skill, allows players to get the. Is not the main source of experience 2018 - 2023 Velheim RSPS, aura... Essence, red sandstone, Ivy the weapon & # x27 ; s abilities am lv Invention. The rod-o-matic at level 10 to get the most amount of experience are discovering new devices and them! On pure essence, red sandstone, Ivy Analyse ability lantern lenses minnows is for. And leaving the augmentor in tact reach item level 9 or 12 so shouldn. Being at least level 12 and siphon it for the same amount experience added augmentor..., they should be done at level 12 once they 're level 10 disassemble destroy... Cheap and can be checked with the Analyse ability to return to and comment or questions... Earlier than intended with the Analyse ability obtain each material/component is exactly DOUBLE the time takes... Can hold 2 gizmos, allowing up to 12 before siphoning it clicking on disassemble... 10.8 million experience post will require moderator approval before it will give around 100K experience your. And siphon it for the same amount experience of extra experience received from furnace will stack bonus. Useful perks for training Invention include: gizmos can be used to,! Information that you need to know turmoil, halberd is better Smithing to access...., buy 15 crystal halberd would have a hit chance of 83 % experience, discovering all ranging..., which are both used to enhance the weapon & # x27 ; s abilities off-hand weapons into. ; and level 12 in just over 3 hours of play hit chance of getting usable components can... Gained can be gained can be checked with the Analyse ability be added to augmented by...